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  3. As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say

As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say

游客2023-12-28  23
问题     As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty.
    We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas.
    Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances.
    Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way.
    I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling.
    In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent.
    Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006—nine years ahead of the global target.
    Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank’s enhanced H1PC (heavily indebted poor countries) Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program (PEDP).
    The government’s political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction interventions rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools.
    Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned, implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved.
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答案     作为一个最不发达国家的领导人，就切身体验而言，我认为贫穷是一个非常复杂的现象，战胜贫穷的方法也是多种多样的，而且在很大程度上取决于当地的情况，因此也就没有一件特别有效的法宝。
    许多年来，我们吃过不少苦头。我们对各种不同的主张进行了实验。
    然而，世界经济论坛不久前发表的一份报告称，全世界应在2015年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的目标，至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一。现在我确信，要实现联合国于2000年确定的各项新千年发展目标，必须要有一项全球协议。该协议必须基于符合当地情况的国家政策。
    援助和贸易都是必要的，但光靠它们还是不够的。只靠善治也是不够的。事实上，没有地方社会力量的直接参与，任何事情都不可能取得进展。我担心的是我们说得太多。这可不是上策。
    我想举一个例子来说明一项全球协议是怎么在坦桑尼亚运作，以实现普及基础教育的。
    二十世纪九十年代中期，基础教育几乎各项指标都大幅下滑。毛入学率从八十年代初的98%下降到2000年的77.6%。净入学率也从80%以上下降到只有58.8%。
    随后发生了几件事情。最高政治领导层决定将基础教育列为最优先发展的项日，并通过了“小学教育五年发展计划”，规定于2006年普及基础教育，比全球的规定目标提前九年。
    善治使国库日渐充实，政府收入八年来翻了两番。2001年，我们接受了世界银行为重债穷国进一步免除债务的安排。随后还有捐助者直接把钱划入我们的预算，或捐给小学教育发展计划设立的合作基金。
    政府的政治决心从以下情况可以得到验证：五年来，国家预算中用于消除贫穷的部分增加了130%。我们还取消了小学的学费。
    此外，我们还保证所有涉及小学教育发展计划的项目都由地方来确定、规划、拥有、执行和评估。这就使得人们为自己的所作所为感到骄傲，感到光彩。小学教育发展计划只实行了两年，就取得了巨大的成功。
解析     1．...for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty．因此也就没有一件特别有效的法宝。
    用词选词采分点。
    原文意思是说“没有一颗银质的子弹在与贫穷战斗中使用”。即，没有使用本质上可以对抗贫穷的东西。译文采用意译的方法。
    2．Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done．然而，世界经济论坛不久前发表的一份报告称，全世界应在2015年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的目标，至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一。
    理解结构采分点。
    宾语从句的翻译是整个句子的关键。可把从句分成两部分翻译：of what should have been done... to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015(全世界应在2015年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的目标)；by now ... barely a third is done(至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一)。
    3．World Economic Forum世界经济论坛。
    基本素质采分点。
    这是专有名词。forum论坛：The letters page serves as a useful forum for the ex change of reader’s views．读者来信版是读者们交换意见的有益园地。
    4．...the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances．要实现联合国于2000年确定的各项新千年发展目标，必须要有一项全球协议。该协议必须基于符合当地情况的国家政策。
    理解结构采分点。
    本从句中有一个过去分词短语做定语，修饰compact，应把它译成独立的句子。
    5．anchor符合。
    用词选词采分点。
    Anchor做动词，意思是“(使)稳定，固定”。原文中的anchor后跟的关键词是policies。通常，汉语中能同“政策”搭配的动词有“执行；符合，制定”等，根据anchor词义，译成“符合”较贴切。
    6．universal basic schooling普及基础教育。
    用词选词采分点。
    universal全体的、共同的。
    7．indicator指标。
    用词选词采分点。
    indicator指示器、指示者：Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence of acid in a solution．石蕊试纸可以测试溶液是否含酸。第六段第一句中关于基础教育的“指示器”则被意译为“指标”。
    8．free fall大幅下滑。
    用词选词采分点。
    这是一个固定短语，意思是“自由下落”。
    9．We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006—nine years ahead of the global target．最高政治领导层决定将基础教育列为最优先发展的项目，并通过了“小学教育五年发展计划”，规定于 2006年普及基础教育，比全球的规定目标提前九年。
    理解结构采分点。
    原句为宾语从句，但译文要译成一个句子，有三个并列动词(列为、通过和规定)，其中包含动词不定式短语to achieve universal basic education by 2006。在翻泽原句的主句We decided at the top political level时，直接把介词短语译成主语，直译“我们政治高层决定”不符合汉语表达方式。
    10．Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years．善治使国库日渐充实，政府收入八年来翻了两番。
    理解结构采分点。
    采用切断翻译法。原文是定语从句，在译文中把主句Good governance produced more government revenues译成汉语的原因状语从句，表示因果关系。which引导的非限制性定语从句被单独译为一个句子。
    11．debt relief免除债务。
    用词选词采分点。
    Relief减轻、解除：feel relief感到解脱。
    12．political will政治决心。
    用词选词采分点。
    will除了“意志”的意思外还有“决心、毅力”的意思：Despite her injuries, she hasn’t lost the will to live．她尽管受了伤却没有失去生存的毅力。
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