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On October 31 last year, the world’s population reached 7 billion. The 7 billionth person was born into a world that is very different from when the United Nations was founded in 1945, when the number of people was only about a third of what it is today. Now, we are living 30 percent longer. More of our children survive. People are now more urban. We are more interconnected and interdependent than ever before.
   The 7 billionth person was also born into a world of contradictions. While most people are having smaller families, our numbers grow globally. While some poor countries’ populations are growing more quickly than their economies, the populations of some rich countries are shrinking, threatening to undermine economic growth. There are more young people in the world, but there are also more elderly people. The challenges facing us are formidable, with new pressures on land, energy, food and infrastructure. Governments must provide more services, such as education and health, and jointly fight the global economic crisis that is shaking the foundations of individuals, families and communities.
   We must rise to these challenges now. What we do today can have a profound impact on the lives of people everywhere tomorrow and for generations to come. We have to protect our fragile environment and address the threat of climate change. We have to rectify inequalities between women and men, girls and boys. We must change people’s attitudes so that violence or discrimination against women and girls becomes unacceptable everywhere. We must ensure girls have the same educational opportunities as boys.
   We also need to make mothers and children safe. That means caring for pregnant women, preventing deaths in childbirth, and providing nutrition to mothers and babies. Millions of mothers must still give birth without help from trained doctors. An estimated 215 million women in the developing world lack access to modern family planning services. And more have little means to care for their newborn babies. About a quarter of the world’s people are between the ages of 10 and 24. We used to say our youth will be the leaders of the future — but, as we have seen in many parts of the world, we now know that they are already leaders of today.
   Young people have the potential to transform economies, politics, and the whole society. They also have the potential to drive development through their creativity, imagination, enthusiasm and innovative spirit. However, in order for this potential to be realized, governments in various countries should take steps to ensure our young people are healthy and have access to education, including sex education, so they may understand how to protect themselves from AIDS and have the knowledge to make right decisions. Girls who stay in school are less likely to have unintended pregnancies, are healthier and more economically productive in adulthood.
   We must ensure that our youth have jobs and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods. Today, only about half of the world’s young people have access to jobs, and almost everywhere, young women have fewer job opportunities than men do. Investments in young people’s education, health and employment can enable countries to build a strong economic base and reduce poverty. Lifting people out of poverty, maintaining a healthy environment, promoting economic growth and development, and tearing down barriers to equality are one and the same fight. Development can only be sustainable when it is equitable and serves all people. Our world of 7 billion people presents unprecedented challenges and opportunities. We must meet the challenges and seize the opportunities now to chart a sustainable, equitable, healthy and socially just path to the future.