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  3. Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, hones

Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, hones

游客2023-12-28  11
问题     Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often deserts us when no one is watching. British psychologists reported last week.
    Researchers at UK’s Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department’s coffee room. They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2. 76 times mole for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung. " Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect. " said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers.
    Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual(感官的)signal for humans. "Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. " said Melissa Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study.
    Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral features that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. "There’s an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we’re being watched we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us. " Bateson said.
    The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to. The finding could be put to practical use, too. For example, images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and improve supervision systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
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答案     上周英国心理学家报道，英语中有句谚语说，诚实才是上策。不幸的是，当没有人监督时，诚实常常离开我们。
    英国纽卡斯尔大学的研究者在他们的心理学系的咖啡室做了一项试验。他们在柜台上设置了一把壶，放置了茶叶，咖啡和牛奶同时在各种饮料上面标明了价格。只要在盒子旁边放上几美分，客人就可以自己动手做一杯饮料。科学家在装钱的盒子上方贴了一个海报，这张海报要么是一张比较形象的监视的眼睛要么就是花。研究者发现当张贴画有眼睛的海报时，人们为自己的饮料付费要多出2．76倍。其中的一位研究者吉尔伯特-罗伯特说：“坦白地说我们对此很震惊。”
    眼睛是人类最有力的感官信号。一位行为生物行为学家和该项研究的学者——梅丽撒-巴特森说：“即使海报上的眼睛画像不是真的，但它们还是似乎能使人们表现得更诚实。”
    研究者认为此效果就是使我们进化的过去清楚地显示出来。它可能起始于早期人类形成社会群体以增强他们生存机会时发展出来的行为特点。对于一个社会群体的工作，个人必须合作，而不是自私地行事。班纳森说，“现在有一种观点就是如果没有人监视我们，我就会为了自己的利益而自私地行事，但是当我们被监视的时候，我们做的会更好。所以人们觉得我们是可以合作的，他们也会以同样的合作方式对待我们。”
    这项新的发现表明人们对眼睛有很强的反应。这可能是因为眼睛和脸可以给我们很强的我们已经进化到可以对之产生反应的生理信号。这项发现也可以用于实践。例如，形象的眼睛可以在公共交通中提高售票率，提高监督系统阻止不符合社会规则的行为。
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