首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2025-04-07
25
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors. [br] Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
本题可参照文章第2段的Habits,instead of being born ready-made…were left moreand more to the formative influence of the environment.从中可知C项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4030160.html
相关试题推荐
Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluence
Academicfreedomincludesthelibertyofindividualstoexpressfreelyopini
The____meaningsoftheindividualwordsdonothelpdefineallexpressionlike"
Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentalle
TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis_____anonymous,stati
Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistory
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
随机试题
Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,iss
CharacteristicsofaBureaucracyPeopleusuallyhold
合同中的下列免责条款无效的有( )。A.造成对方人身伤害的 B.因故意造成对
某公司为多个部门划分了不同的局域网,每个局域网中的主机数量如下表所示,计划使用地
以下关于建造师的说法中,正确的是()。A、未经注册,即使取得建造师执业资
It'sprudenttostartanyexerciseprogr
波浪理论相对于其他技术分析的流派,最大的区别在于( )。A:能提前预计到行情的顶
个人理财业务中,当事人订立合同时,法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的,应当采用书面
根据《中华人民共和国会计法》,不应该进行会计核算的事项是()。A.款项和有
下列水利水电工程建设强制性标准说法错误的是()。A.地下开挖时洞内氧气浓度
最新回复
(
0
)