首页
登录
职称英语
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental le
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental le
游客
2025-04-09
30
管理
问题
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.
A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.
The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.
A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects—ages ten, twenty and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.
The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods. [br] The word "contingent" in the third paragraph probably means_____.
选项
A、dependent
B、consecutive
C、determined
D、continual
答案
A
解析
题目问:contingent是什么意思。在“Longitudinal studies,however,are expensive to conduct,time-consuming,and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers,”contin-genton意为“视……而定,取决于”。各选项的意思是:dependent“由……决定的,随……而定的”;con-secutive“连续的;连贯的”;determined“坚决的,决定了的”;continual“连续的,持续不断的”。所以,答案是A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4032986.html
相关试题推荐
Theideologicalmake-upoftheunionsisnow______differentfromwhatithadbee
Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyare
Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyare
Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyare
______individualsastakeupthisroleoftenfindlifefrustrating.A、SoB、Those
TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsai
TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsai
TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsai
TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsai
Ourprogramisdifferent______itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessand
随机试题
(浙江大学2008年试题)Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasd
Imaginegoingtoyourdoctorwithacomplaintoffrequentheadaches.Yourdo
A.mentallyB.standC.assistD.complexE.s
有一位银行家被他的决心和乐观精神所打动,最终答应贷款给他,供其开业。Impressedbyhisdeterminationandoptimism,
【S1】[br]【S5】H上文告诉我们,在就业比较容易的年代,求职者求职时只需要写清楚name,address,ageandwhetheryouha
钢绞线计算面积比相同数量钢丝面积之和()。A、较大 B、较小 C、相等
下列气性坏疽的临床表现中,错误的是A.伤后1~4天发病,但也有6小时以内发病者
土家族被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录的项目有()A.“八宝铜铃舞” B.“茅古
中西方学者一直主张把()作为划分货币层次的主要依据。A.流动性 B.风险性
某重力式码头基础长200m,分两段施工,基槽开挖要求风化岩层以上的黏土及淤泥层要
最新回复
(
0
)