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  3. TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will read a short pass

TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will read a short pass

游客2024-01-02  20
问题 TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will read a short passage, listen to a lecture on the same topic, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard. Do not look at the question until the lecture has ended. Do not look at the reading passage while you are speaking.
Reading Time - 45 seconds
Mutualism
Mutualism is a biological interaction in which two different species live together as partners. Both species benefit in a mutualistic relationship. For example, both may experience increased survival and reproductive success. Mutualism plays a key role in ecology and evolutionary biology. Mutualistic relationships require the evolution of adaptations in both species because changes in either species are likely to affect the survival and reproduction of the other. Mutualism can be contrasted with competition, which has a negative effect on both species, and exploitation, in which one species benefits at the expense of the other.
Now cover the passage and listen to the lecture. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, begin preparing your response. You may look at the question, but NOT at the passage. You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
The professor describes the relationship between the acacia tree and the stinging ant. Explain how their interaction is an example of mutualism.
Stop
Preparation Time - 30 seconds
Response Time - 60 seconds
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
Mutualism is an interaction between two species, in which both species receive a benefit, such as a higher rate of survival. The relationship between the acacia tree and the stinging ant is mutualistic in this way. The acacia tree has hollow thorns that provide a place for the ants to live. The tree also provides food for the ants. The tree has swollen glands that produce a sugary solution, and the ants feed on this sugar. There are also small structures that grow on the tips of the tree’s leaves. These small structures are rich in protein. The ants bite those off and eat them too.
So, the ants get sugar and protein from the acacia tree. And what does the acacia tree get in return? Well, for one thing, it gets protection. Remember that these are stinging ants. They attack anything that touches the tree. They sting other insects and chase off plant-eating animals. They also destroy all plants that try to compete with the acacia for sunlight, by clipping all vegetation that happens to grow close to the acacia. It’s an arrangement that’s mutually beneficial. The acacia tree feeds and houses the ants, and in return, the ants protect the tree from harmful influences.
The professor describes the relationship between the acacia tree and the stinging ant. Explain how their interaction is an example of mutualism.
选项
答案 - Mutualism is an interaction between two species in which both species benefit. Both the acacia tree and the singing ant benefit from living together.
- The acacia tree provides a place for the ants to live. The ants live in the tree’s hollow thorns.
- The acacia tree provides food for the ants. The ants eat the sugar and protein produced by the tree.
- The ants protect the tree from harmful influences. The ants attack anything that touches the tree. The ants sting other insects and chase away animals that eat plants. The ants clip all vegetation that grows close to the acacia and competes with the tree for sunlight.
解析
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