2. 职称英语
  3. 主席先生，女士们、先生们： 目前，国际形势正处于深刻变化之中。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题，总体和平的国际环境为世界经济发展提供了有利条件；科技进步

主席先生，女士们、先生们： 目前，国际形势正处于深刻变化之中。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题，总体和平的国际环境为世界经济发展提供了有利条件；科技进步

游客2023-12-25  42
问题 主席先生，
女士们、先生们：
    目前，国际形势正处于深刻变化之中。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题，总体和平的国际环境为世界经济发展提供了有利条件；科技进步日新月异并孕育着新的重大突破，前所未有地提高了人类认识、把握宏观和微观世界的能力，展现了新的发展前景；经济全球化趋势正在向新的广度和深度演进，国际生产要素流动和产业转移加快，大大拓展了国际经济技术合作，促进了商品和资源在全球范围内的流动与优化配置。同时要看到，当今世界也存在一些不利于和平与发展的因素。局部战争和冲突仍时有爆发，恐怖主义、武器扩散、疾病传播等非传统安全问题日益突出；重大自然灾害给人类的生存与发展带来了巨大威胁；南北发展差距进一步拉大，新的贸易壁垒和保护主义不断出现；能源、资源消耗大幅度增长，生态破坏和环境恶化问题严重。
    中国坚决支持并积极参与国际经济社会发展合作，呼吁国际社会在以下几个方面作出不懈努力：
    第一，继续扩大经济技术等领域的国际合作。加强资金、先进技术、管理经验和人才资源等领域的国际交流合作，有利于各国相互学习和借鉴发展经验，发挥各自优势，优化全球资源配置，对推动各国经济发展具有重要意义。世界各国和地区应进一步相互开放市场，放开技术出口限制，继续推进贸易和投资自由化和便利化，消除各种贸易壁垒。国际社会还应该携起手来，共同应对来自安全、自然灾害等领域的挑战。
    第二，构建资源节约型和循环经济发展模式。人类发展的历史经验表明，以资源浪费、环境破坏为代价换取一时的发展，人类必将受到严厉惩罚，最终也会危及发展本身。为了我们的美好家园，为了我们的子孙后代，我们应该走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少的发展道路。要提倡绿色生产方式、生活方式和消费方式，构建资源节约型国民经济体系和资源节约型社会。要根据自然的承载能力规划经济社会发展，同时要积极开展生态环境保护和建设，坚决禁止各种掠夺自然、破坏自然的做法。
    第三，努力建立公正合理的国际经济新秩序。应加强多边、双边贸易合作，积极推进区域经济合作。推动多哈回合贸易谈判取得进展，实现“发展回合”的目标。要继续在平等基础上推进南北对话，充分考虑发展中国家的利益，尊重世界的多样性，提倡国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化，使各国特别是发展中国家从经济全球化中受益。要推动国际经济、贸易和金融体制的改革，创造更好的国际经济环境。
    第四，积极帮助发展中国家加快发展步伐。帮助发展中国家提高发展水平，尽快缩小日益拉大的南北发展差距，既是国际社会的责任，也是推动世界经济持续发展的必然要求。发展中国家对自身发展负有主要责任。发达国家应切实承担和履行应尽的义务，切实减免发展中国家的债务，增加不附加任何条件的官方援助；应帮助发展中国家加强人才资源开发，增强科技创新能力，挖掘国内市场潜力，使发展中国家形成自我发展能力；应采取有效措施，减少经济全球化可能给发展中国家带来的风险，努力实现共同发展、共同繁荣。
选项
答案 Mr. President,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
    Our world is undergoing profound changes. Peace and development remain the theme of our times. A generally peaceful international environment provides favorable conditions for the world’s economic development. The rapidly advancing science and technology and emerging new breakthroughs have expanded the horizon of mankind and their ability to solve the micro and macro problems of the world, presenting a new vista for development. Deepening economic globalization is accelerating the global movement of productive factors and industrial relocation, stimulating international economic and technical cooperation and facilitating the global flow of goods and resources as well as their rational distribution. At the same time, factors unfavorable for peace and development still exist. Regional wars and conflicts keep cropping up. Terrorism, arms proliferation, epidemics and other nontraditional security issues have become more acute. Devastating natural disasters pose a grave threat to the survival and development of mankind. The disparity between the North and the South grows further, worsened by new trade barriers and protectionism. Energy and other resources consumption is rising sharply, with serious ecological and environmental deterioration.
    China strongly supports and actively participates in international cooperation for economic and social development, and appeals to the international community for unremitting efforts in the following aspects:
    First, continuing to enhance international cooperation in the economic, technological and other fields. More exchanges and cooperation in capital, advanced technology, managerial expertise, human resources and other areas are of great significance to promote the economic development of all countries. The exchanges and cooperation help them learn from one another, share experience, bring their advantages into play and optimize the allocation of global resources. All countries and regions should further open their markets, lift restrictions on export of technologies, continue to advance trade liberalization and facilitate investment and remove various trade barriers. The international community should join hands to cope with security, natural disasters and other challenges.
    Second, establishing a resource—conserving and circular economy. The history of human development shows that development at the expense of resources and the environment would end up with punishment of mankind and impediment to development. For the sake of a better world and our future generations, we should choose a road to development driven by science and technology, that is economically viable, resource-conserving and environmentally friendly. We should encourage sustainable production, livelihood and consumption to build a resource-conserving economy and society. We should formulate plans for economic and social development based on the sustainability of nature while endeavoring to protect the ecological environment by prohibiting activities to plunder and destroy nature.
    Third, working to establish a just, equitable new international economic order. It is necessary to strengthen multilateral and bilateral cooperation in trade and promote regional economic cooperation. We will work for progress in the Doha round of trade negotiations and attain its objective as a "round for development". North-South dialogue should be promoted on the basis of equality. The interests of developing countries should be taken into full account. Diversity should be respected, and democracy in international relations and diverse development models upheld, so that all countries, developing countries in particular, can benefit from economic globalization. To create a better international environment, we will promote reform of international economic, trade and financial systems.
    Fourth, taking the initiative to help developing countries speed up their development. It is the responsibility of the international community and the requirement of sustained development of the world economy to help developing countries develop themselves and bridge the widening gap between the North and the South. Developing countries shoulder the primary responsibility in this regard. However, developed countries should earnestly fulfil their obligations, reduce and exempt the debts of developing countries and increase official aid without strings attached. The developed countries should help developing countries with human resources development and scientific and technological innovation, tap the potential of their domestic market and have the capacity for their self-development, and take effective measures to reduce the risks brought about by globalization to developing countries, so as to achieve common development and common prosperity.
解析     本文主要讨论中国目前的教育状况，具体情况涉及家庭教育费用的支出、学校形式的多样化、就学途径的多样化和中国政府在教育方面的投资和努力等方面。
    本题要求应试者在较短时间内将文章各部分中译英。这需要应试者迅速对涉及该议题的术语、专有名词和复杂的数字单位作出反应，即考查应试者的基本素质情况。该文也要求应试者在听到某一中文句子时，迅速考虑使用何种符合英文习惯的句型结构或如何将若干中文句合并为一个英文句。在解决句子主要结构的基础上，该文还要求考查应试者对具体单词或短语的理解和翻译，如何使之通顺流畅。
    -基本素质采分点
    1．“独生子女”政策    the one-child policy
    2．中国社会调查所      China Social Survey Institute
    3．中国驻英使馆        Chinese Embassy in London
    4．2.5亿英镑           250 million pounds
    5．联合国              the United Nations (UN)
    6．国内生产总值        GDP
    -结构理解采分点
1．中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。原句中连缀前后两句的“而”，实际并不表示意思的转折，因此，译文要选用相应连词and。句子其它部分结构因与英文表达相近，可按原有顺序翻译。因此，原句可译为“The average Chinese household spends 15 percent of its income on education，and a study by the China Social Survey Institute found 43 percent of families have set up special bank accounts to cover the cost of their children’s education．”
2．近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。
    中译英时，有时可考虑将内容相关的若干句子合并，以使结构紧凑。该句前后内容都涉及私立学校，因此，可把这两部分用连词and连缀，原句可译为“Private education has been embraced in China in recent years，and schools and parents are encouraged to raise funds to cover costs．”
3．这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2．5亿英镑的学费收入。该句要求将“为……带来……”采用恰当的符合上下文的翻译，即便是口译，也要求译者在正确传递信息的基础上，使译文地道、精彩；此外，要求应试者迅速对文中大额数字作出反应。因此，原句可译为“Chinese students contribute 250 million pounds in fees each year to Britain’s universities．”
4．尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在129个国家里仅名列第100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。翻译时，要注意是否可以将若干句合并的同时，还应重新估量原句的主次顺序，按英文习惯将主要内容放在句首。该句后面一句其实是主要议题，所以，应放在句首。因此，原句可译为“Even so，it recognizes that more resources are necessary to improve on its UN ranking of 100 out of 129 nations in terms of per-capita education spending．”
5．为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到2010年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值4%的水平。而在10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的2.6%。该句根据内在逻辑结构可合并为一句，将其中一句变为短语形式，分情况可变为介词短语、名词短语非谓语动词等形式。该句根据上下文关系，是表数值上升的变量，因此可使用up from介词短语形式；此外还要注意变量的表达法，如“上升/下降了(by)，上升/下降到(to)”等是非常不一样的。因此，原句可译为“To improve its performance further，the Chinese government plans to spend 4 percent of its GDP on education by 2010，up from 2.6 percent at the start of the decade．”
    -言语表达采分点
    1．重视教育          place considerable value on education
    2．中国家庭          Chinese household
    3．专门账户          special bank account
    4．教育费用          the cost of education
    5．在……流行        be embraced in…
    6．深造              tertiary education
    7．取得巨大的进步    make great strides
    8．文盲率            illiteracy level
    9．排名              ranking
    10．人均教育经费     per-capita education spending
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