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  3. Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

题库2022-08-02  31
问题 Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_____A.the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB.the formula for how work is conducted efficientlyC.the ways machines replace human labor in modern times D.the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
选项 A.the predictability of machine behavior in practice
B.the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
C.the ways machines replace human labor in modern times D.the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
答案 B
解析 这是一道推理题，重点考查的是代词指代以及段落中心的归纳。【直击答案】根据题干可以定位到最后一段，其中touched on this point即为Brynjolfsson和McAfee的观点。而this point则回指第五段的内容，起到承上启下的作用。第五段指出需要调整现在的工作模式，需要人们发挥主动性和创造性。第六段最后一句再次强调问题的核心是人类要革新工作方式。因此正确答案为选项D，强调人类的参与。【干扰排除】选项A偷换概念，第五段第四句指出机器只能完成“预先设定的（predictable）工作（activities）”，而非“机器行为”的可预测性。选项B中的“efficiently”在文中并未提及。选项C与原文信息相反，第六段第三句话指出，我们需要看到机器提高人力而非取代人力（rather than replace it）的方面。
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本试题收录于： 英语二研究生题库研究生入学分类

英语二研究生

研究生入学

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