Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

题库2022-08-02 19

问题 Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often_____A.performed by innovative mindsB.scripted with an individual styleC.standardized without a clear targetD.designed against human creativity

选项 A.performed by innovative minds
B.scripted with an individual style
C.standardized without a clear target
D.designed against human creativity

答案 D

解析细节题【命题思路】这是一道人物观点细节题，重点考查考生对长难句的理解。【直击答案】根据题干中的关键词“Hagel”以及“jobs in the U．S.”可以回文定位到第四段第一句话。该句表达了Hagel对美国岗位设计（designed jobs in the U．S.）的观点。选项D的内容符合其观点。其中，“against”是原文“leave no room”的同义替换，且“human creativity”是原文“individual initiative or creativity”的同义替换。【干扰排除】选项A与原文表述相反。选项B属于无中生有，是将文中所含scripted和individual两词的错误搭配。选项C中的“without a clear target”与原文语义相反。该段最后一句指出“我们给美国工人贴上了巨大的目标标签”，即美国的工作岗位有着明确的目标（照本宣科）。

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英语二研究生

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Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

英语二研究生

研究生入学