Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

题库2022-08-02 49

问题 Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A.How to Innovate Our Work Practices?B.Machines will Replace Human LaborC.Can We Win the Race Against Machines?D.Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations

选项 A.How to Innovate Our Work Practices?
B.Machines will Replace Human Labor
C.Can We Win the Race Against Machines?
D.Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations

答案 C

解析主旨题【命题思路】这是一道主旨题，考查对文章的归纳总结，且正确选项应具有“宏观覆盖性”。【直击答案】综合各段大意可知，本文讨论的核心是“人机相争”这一现象。面对机器对人类岗位的吞噬，作者强调要改变我们的工作模式，注重在工作中发挥人的主动性与创造力，使机器帮助人。因此正确答案为选项C。【干扰排除】选项A出现在最后一段最后一句话。但该句仅指出了解决人机相争问题的方向，而文中并未涉及“究竟如何革新工作方式”的内容。文章首段提到了“某些工作被机器所淘汰”，但并不能推出选项B，且该选项与全文意思不合。选项D只是第一段提到的细节信息，不具有概括性。

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Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

英语二研究生

研究生入学