Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

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问题 Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that____A.technology is diminishing man's job opportunitiesB.automation is accelerating technological developmentC.certain jobs will remain intact after automationD.man will finally win the race against machine

选项 A.technology is diminishing man's job opportunities
B.automation is accelerating technological development
C.certain jobs will remain intact after automation
D.man will finally win the race against machine

答案 A

解析细节题【命题思路】这是一个人物观点细节题，找到文中argument指代的内容即可得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干中的书名可以回文定位到第二段第二句话。该句中的“this argument”，即该书作者的观点，指代的正是该段第一句的内容：随着技术的不断发展，即使最具有免疫力的工作也面临着威胁。选项A的表述与此一致，“technology”对应原文“When…”（随着技术的发展），且“is diminishing man’s job opportunity”是原文“jobs…suddenly become threatened”的同义替换。【干扰排除】选项B属于无中生有，文章并未提及科技进步的原因。该选项将原文中两个无关的概念进行了错误搭配。选项C的表述与原文相反。选项D与原文观点相悖，是利用文中的单词“success”设置的干扰，原文只提到Race Against the Machine这本书很成功（success），并未提及“人类将最终赢得与机器的赛跑”。

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Text 3 The concept of man versus machine

英语二研究生

研究生入学