Frankenstein's monster haunts discussion

最全题库2022-08-02 29

问题 Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.The Ethics of AI:It's about Dr Frankenstein,Not His MonsterB.The Path to Advanced AI:It I.ies in Ethics,Not in TechnologiesC.The Nature of Project Maven:A Conspiracy to Misuse AID.Google's Principles of Ethical AI:A Wake-up Call to the Threat of AI

选项 A.The Ethics of AI:It's about Dr Frankenstein,Not His Monster
B.The Path to Advanced AI:It I.ies in Ethics,Not in Technologies
C.The Nature of Project Maven:A Conspiracy to Misuse AI
D.Google's Principles of Ethical AI:A Wake-up Call to the Threat of AI

答案 A

解析本文首段提出作者观点：我们无需担心弗兰肯斯坦博士的科学怪人，因为人类会参与AI发展的每一步，并对其负责。随后介绍具体事例“谷歌将AI技术应用于战争领域的做法遭到了员工的联合抗议，谷歌因此宣布了AI道德六原则”，且作者指出这意义重大。末段作者展开评论：“AI道德问题”的本质是“A1创造者及其目的的道德问题”，人们真正要担心的不是“AI技术的失控（即文中monster）”，而是“AI创造者的善良（即文中Dr Frankenstein）”。A.体现全文核心观点，为正确项。[解题技巧]B.偏离全文论述主题，文中并未涉及AI技术的发展道路。C.偏离文章重心，文章重在借“谷歌秘密参与Maven项目，后被发现并逍员工抵制，随后做出调整、公布AI道德六原则”来论证“AI道德问题的本质”，而非重在探讨“Maven项目的本质”，且作者并未指出这是一个阴谋，Conspiracy贬义色彩过浓。D.违背作者态度：作者并非认为应该警惕AI威胁．而是认为“AI威胁论”是误导性的。

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Frankenstein's monster haunts discussion

英语一研究生

研究生入学