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Frankenstein's monster haunts discussion

题库2022-08-02  31
问题 Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.Google's declaration of ethical AI principles is mainly prompted byA.its awareness of AI's significance to the Pentagon.B.its senior management's desire for economic benefits.C.its employees'protest against applying AI to warfare.D.its eagerness to solve ethical problems concerning AI.
选项 A.its awareness of AI's significance to the Pentagon.
B.its senior management's desire for economic benefits.
C.its employees'protest against applying AI to warfare.
D.its eagerness to solve ethical problems concerning AI.
答案 C
解析 第二段首句指出，谷歌宣布Al道德原则是“公司程序员们抗议”的结果。结合下文所述谷歌做法“向五角大楼秘密提供AI技术、制造AI武器或驱动武器的AI技术”可知，程序员们抗议的对象为“将AI应用于战争”，C.正确。[解题技巧]A.对第二段①句its use of AI so significant断章取义，该句并非指“谷歌意识到AI对五角大楼非常重要”，而是指“谷歌宣布Al使用原则意义重大”。B.源自②句saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine（“将……视为一座金矿”即“希望借……获取巨大经济利益”），但将“谷歌向五角大楼提供Al技术”的原因偷换为了“谷歌宣布AI道德原则”的原因。D.体现强烈的“主动性”，与文中所示谷歌行为“在此之前一直刻意隐瞒，后迫于员工抗议才公布了AI道德原则”相悖。
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