Frankenstein's monster haunts discussion

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问题 Frankenstein's monster haunts discussions of the ethics of artificial intetligence:the fear is that scientists will create something that has purposes and even desires of its own and which will carry them out at the expense of human beings.This is a misleading picture because it suggests that there will be a moment at which the monster comes alive:the switch is thrown,the program run,and after that its human creators can do nothing more.In real life there will be no such singularity.Construction of AI and its deployment will be continuous processes,with humans involved and to some extent responsible at every step.This is what makes Google'-s declarations of ethical principles for its use of AI so significant,because it seems to be the result of a revolt among the company's programmers.The senior management at Google saw the supply of AI to the Pentagon as a goldmine,if only it could be kept from public knowledge."Avoid at all costs any mention or implication of Al,"wrole Google Cloud's chief scientist for AI in a memo."I don't know what would happen if the media starts picking up a theme that Google is building AI weapons or AI technologies to enable weapons for the Defense industry."That,of course,is exactly what the company had been doing.Google had been subcontracting for the Pentagon on Project Maven,which was meant to bring the benefits of AI to war-fighting.Then the media found out and more than 3,000 0f its own employees prote.sted.Only iwo things frighten the tech giants:onc i.s the stock market;the other is an organised workforce.The employees'agitation led to Google announcing six principles of ethical AI,among them that it will not make weapons systems.or technologies whose purpose,or use in surveillance,violates international principles of human rights.This still leaves a huge intentional exception:profiting from"non-lethal"defence technology.Obviously we cannot expect all companies,still less all programmers,to show this kind of ethical fine-tuning.Other companies will bid for Pentagon business:Google had to beat IBM,Amazon and Microsoft to gain the Maven contract.But in all these cases,the companies involved-which means the people who work for them-will be actively involved in maintaining,tweaking and improving the work.This opens an opportunity for consistent ethical pressure and for the attribution of responsibility to human beings and not to inanimate objects.Questions about the ethics of artificial intelligence are questions about the ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to.It is not the monster,but the good Dr Frankenstein we need to worry about most.The author suggests in the last paragraph thatA.companies should unite to boycott the Maven project.B.the Pentagon should consider the bidders'morality.C.AI creators should take responsibility for AI ethics.D.Priority should be given to the development of AI

选项 A.companies should unite to boycott the Maven project.
B.the Pentagon should consider the bidders'morality.
C.AI creators should take responsibility for AI ethics.
D.Priority should be given to the development of AI

答案 C

解析作者在末段指出，科技公司的员工们（即AI创造者）将会积极地参与到项目的维护和改进中，他们可以不断施加道德压力、将AI的道德责任归结于“人类”（the attribution of responsibilit,y to human beings）。最后，作者表示AI道德问题的本质是“Al创造者及其目的的道德问题”（ethics of the people who make it and the purposes they put it to）．即Al创造者应为Al道德问题负责，C.正确。[解题技巧]A.违背末段①②句“人们不能期望所有公司都进行道德微调（即抵制Maven项目）；即便谷歌放弃Maven项目，也会有其他公司参与竞争”暗示之意“公司参与Maven项目可以理解、也无法禁止”。B.利用末段②句所述情形“多家公司将会竞争五角大楼的Maven项目”捏造干扰，文中并未提及五角大楼应考虑竞标者的品德。D.干扰源自末句lt is not the monster.…we need to worry about most，但该句整体意在说明“Al道德问题的核心焦点不是AI技术本身，而是创造使用Al的人”，并非说明“人们可以无所顾虑地优先发展Al”。

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Frankenstein's monster haunts discussion

英语一研究生

研究生入学