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Why does the student go to see the professor? [br] Why does the professor mentio
Why does the student go to see the professor? [br] Why does the professor mentio
游客
2025-02-03
39
管理
问题
Why does the student go to see the professor? [br] Why does the professor mention cake?
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. (P = Professor, S = Student)
P: OK, Karl. How could I help you?
S: It’s about my term paper of the urban planning class. Instead of doing library research, I was thinking of doing a survey of my own and using the data in the report.
P: That’s a nice idea. I think doing this kind of hands-on project is great experience, especially if you decided to go to graduate school.
S: But I have been having a lot of problems designing a survey.
P: Ah, it’s not as easy as it looks, is it?
S: No. Now I am not even sure if I can stick with my plan or switch back to a more traditional paper.
P: Well, you might as will get some experience sooner rather than later What’s the topic again?
S: Nothing really complex. I just wanted to survey local people about the proposal for widening route 62 from a two-lane road to four-lane highway.
P: OK.
S: So how do I go about selecting the people I want to survey? A lot of what I read has stressed having a representative sample. But I’m not sure how to do it.
P: Well, yes. A representative sample is crucial. You want the people you survey to be as close to an accurate reflection of the larger population you’re interested in as possible. Imagine that the town is a cake with raisins in it and imagine that for some reason, most of the raisins end up on one side of the cake. If you cut a piece from the other side, would that be truly representative? Would that be an accurate reflection of the cake?
S: No. You’ll be missing the raisins.
P: Exactly! So for your project, what if you only survey people who live in houses along route 62, you think that would be useful?
S: Well, no. Because everyone there would probably be opposed to the widening.
P: Yes. And that’s why a representative sample is important. You don’t want a sample that’s biased, too strongly one way or the other. So, how do you do that?
S: Well, I could make sure my survey reaches people in all parts of the town.
P: Good. So how can you do that?
S: Well, I would go and make phone calls, just choose numbers at random from the local phone director instead of passing on questionnaires, because people often don’t mail them back. But I don’t see how I could get a representative sample using the phone.
P: Well. Make sure you’re getting a nice balance of numbers. Phone company can tell you what numbers have been assigned to different parts of town. For example, for numbers in my neighborhood, that was a 256 and I live on the edge of town, where I guess you’d find a lot of pro-highway people. So make sure you don’t call mostly 256 numbers.
选项
A、To illustrate the importance of finding a representative sample
B、To illustrate why the man will need only a small sample
C、To explain why some areas of town are more crowded than others
D、To explain the disadvantage of relying only on questionnaires
答案
A
解析
题目询问教授提到蛋糕的原因。学生说他不知道该如何去找具有代表性的样本。对此,教授先说具有代表性的样本非常重要,然后举了一个蛋糕的例子让学生明白要怎么做。由此可见,教授举蛋糕的例子是为了向学生说明选取具有代表性的样本很重要,故选A项。教授举蛋糕的例子其实是想告诉学生不要局限于一小部分的调查,B项“说明为什么学生只需要一小部分样本”与教授的意图相反。C项“解释为什么城镇中有一些地方更拥挤”和D项“解释只依靠调查问卷的弊端”都没有在对话中被涉及。
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