2. 职称英语
  3. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental

游客2024-04-24  48
问题     Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’ t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase "substance abuse" is often used instead of " drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
    We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
    Drugs(substances)that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behaviour are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depress ants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic(from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting")because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness. [br] Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
选项 A、Psychoactive substances such as stimulants, depressants or hallucinogens are commonly used in groups.
B、Stimulants are functioned to speed up the central nervous system.
C、Depressants are used to calm down the central nervous system.
D、Hallucinogens affect human beings’ perception, causing hallucinations.
答案 A
解析 细节题。题干明确提出根据最后一段，原句“psychoactive substances are commonly grouped accordingto whether they are stimulants，depressants or hallucinogens．”意为精神性药物大致分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和致幻剂。选项A曲解原文，需区分“commonly grouped”(大致分为)与“commonly used in groups”(一起使用)。因此，正确答案是A。
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