首页
登录
职称英语
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
游客
2025-01-26
9
管理
问题
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
Vocabulary and Expressions
daunting slum upgrading Jamaica fiscal stimulus package
informality World Bank programs drainage [br] What is probably the most common among the programs aimed at the urban poor?
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
The infrastructure needs that go along with urbanization can be enormous in terms of investments in housing, water and sanitation, transportation, electricity, and telecommunications. Many cities have not been able to keep up, and face daunting challenges for the future projected increases in urbanization. Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services alone in the cities of developing countries is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of those countries’ GDP.
The problems of accessing infrastructure and services are particularly acute for the urban poor. While access rates for basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity are typically higher in urban areas than rural, these numbers mask what is happening for the urban poor where access can be extremely low, unaffordable, and of inadequate quality. Governments, utilities, and service providers are often reluctant to operate in slums because of the informality and illegality of such settlements. This gap is then filled by informal service providers offering more expensive services. Ultimately, the urban poor end up paying substantially more than the non-poor for their services.
Among the programs aimed at the urban poor, overall, slum upgrading is probably the most common. Slum upgrading programs typically focus on the provision of infrastructure (water and sanitation, waste management, electricity, roads). Some of the more recent World Bank programs which combine investments in basic infrastructure with social programs show much promise for addressing the complex, multidimensional nature of urban poverty. For example a program in Jamaica combines micro-finance, land tenure regularization, crime and violence prevention programs with physical upgrading to improve access to water, sewage, solid waste, electricity, roads, drainage and related community infrastructure. In Brazil, investments in social infrastructure for day care, youth training, and health care are combined with physical upgrading of slums.
The current financial crisis provides an important opportunity for investing in the provision of basic infrastructure and services in slums as countries design fiscal stimulus packages. With the emerging negative impacts of the crisis on the urban poor, upgrading activities can generate employment particularly for this vulnerable group, while creating lasting assets which are much in need.
选项
A、Community construction.
B、Suburb construction.
C、Crime and violence prevention.
D、Slum upgrading.
答案
D
解析
根据原文“Among the programs aimed at the urban poor,overall,slum upgrading is probably the most common.Slum upgrading programs typically focus on the provision of infrastructure(water and sanitation,waste management,electricity,roads)”可知,选项D正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3929527.html
相关试题推荐
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
Asarichcountry,Japanboastsadvancedinfrastructure.A、正确B、错误B原文说:Japanalr
随机试题
Thiskindofworkis______me.A、unfamiliarwithB、unfamiliarbyC、unfamiliartoD
"Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsintheshops?"Suc
Heposed________aconnoisseurintraditionalChinesepaintings,butactuallyh
JobsApersonplanningforacareertodaym
图示电路中的晶体管,当输入信号为3V时,工作状态是: A.饱和 B.截
与内墙及地面涂料相比,外墙涂料更注重()。A.耐候性 B.耐碱性 C.
牙龈会因失去食物按摩而废用萎缩,是由于A.牙冠轴面突度过大 B.牙冠轴面突度过
患者,男性,35岁,外伤后低血容量性休克,需输入库血,应调节输血速度为A.70~
对肾小管分泌叙述不正确的是A.需要载体参与 B.不消耗能量 C.逆浓度梯度转
人力资源管理领域中运用较为广泛的两项人格测试包括()。A.自陈量表法 B.M
最新回复
(
0
)