首页
登录
职称英语
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
游客
2025-01-26
11
管理
问题
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
Vocabulary and Expressions
daunting slum upgrading Jamaica fiscal stimulus package
informality World Bank programs drainage [br] What is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of developing countries’ GDP?
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
The infrastructure needs that go along with urbanization can be enormous in terms of investments in housing, water and sanitation, transportation, electricity, and telecommunications. Many cities have not been able to keep up, and face daunting challenges for the future projected increases in urbanization. Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services alone in the cities of developing countries is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of those countries’ GDP.
The problems of accessing infrastructure and services are particularly acute for the urban poor. While access rates for basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity are typically higher in urban areas than rural, these numbers mask what is happening for the urban poor where access can be extremely low, unaffordable, and of inadequate quality. Governments, utilities, and service providers are often reluctant to operate in slums because of the informality and illegality of such settlements. This gap is then filled by informal service providers offering more expensive services. Ultimately, the urban poor end up paying substantially more than the non-poor for their services.
Among the programs aimed at the urban poor, overall, slum upgrading is probably the most common. Slum upgrading programs typically focus on the provision of infrastructure (water and sanitation, waste management, electricity, roads). Some of the more recent World Bank programs which combine investments in basic infrastructure with social programs show much promise for addressing the complex, multidimensional nature of urban poverty. For example a program in Jamaica combines micro-finance, land tenure regularization, crime and violence prevention programs with physical upgrading to improve access to water, sewage, solid waste, electricity, roads, drainage and related community infrastructure. In Brazil, investments in social infrastructure for day care, youth training, and health care are combined with physical upgrading of slums.
The current financial crisis provides an important opportunity for investing in the provision of basic infrastructure and services in slums as countries design fiscal stimulus packages. With the emerging negative impacts of the crisis on the urban poor, upgrading activities can generate employment particularly for this vulnerable group, while creating lasting assets which are much in need.
选项
A、Providing universal coverage for housing services in the cities.
B、Providing universal coverage for transportation services in the cities.
C、Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services in the cities.
D、Providing universal coverage for electricity services in the cities.
答案
C
解析
根据原文“Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services alone in the cities of developing countries is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of those countries’GDP”可知,选项C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3929525.html
相关试题推荐
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
Asarichcountry,Japanboastsadvancedinfrastructure.A、正确B、错误B原文说:Japanalr
随机试题
假设一揽子股票组合与香港恒生指数构成完全对应,该组合的市场价值为100万元,假设市场年利率为6%,且预计1个月后可收到1万元的现金红利,则该股票组合3个月的合理
Workingouttomusiccanimprovethecoordinationofyourmindandbody,【C1】
[originaltext]M:Iwanttogohome.Thefilmisnotinteresting.W:Gohome?I
Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrel
E-mailImaginebeingabletosendaletter
Musicinhighereducation:whatisitworth?[A]Musichasfoun
凡是国际民航组织成员国的任一()航空运输企业,经其政府许可都可以成为国际航空
下列关于玻璃幕墙,表述正确的有( )。A.玻璃幕墙是一种新型墙体,主要用于高层办
为防范“假个贷”,一线经办人员应严格执行贷款准入条件,审查内容包括()。A.各
下列关于组织论的说法正确的是( )。A.组织结构模式是一种相对静态的组织关系
最新回复
(
0
)