首页
登录
职称英语
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud a
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud a
游客
2025-01-08
22
管理
问题
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung.
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, was the founder of psychoanalysis and, some would say, of modern psychology itself. The main hypothesis of Freud’s theory is that human behavior is determined primarily by unconscious motives. These unconscious motives can be discovered through the use of free association, that is, through talking out problems with the patient. Freud’s theory of personality involved three broad areas of investigation into human behavior: structural, dynamic, and ’developmental. Structurally, Freud divided the human personality into id, ego, and superego. The id is the completely unconscious part of self. It is the repository(资源) of one’s instinctual needs and drives. Freud posed that it consisted of everything psychological that was inherited.
The ego is the rational aspect of the personality. It governs the impulsive needs created by the id and decides which needs can and will be Satisfied according to the conditions of the environment. The superego is the conscience, the ethical(伦理的) or moral aspect of personality. It is formed by the traditional values and ideals of the society or culture in which a person is born. The superego strives for the ideal. The "con science" part provides guilt feelings when moral values are violated. The "ego-ideal" part provides feelings of pride when the self acts in consonance with traditional values of the group.
Freud’s dynamic concepts involved instinct, libido, and anxiety. Generally, we term behavior as instinctive if it occurs without any apparent opportunity of its having been learned. Freud’s "instinct" differed in that it refers to an inborn bodily condition represented by "wish" and "need". Libido is descriptive of one’s emotional or psychic energy. This energy enables life "instincts" to perform their work and is derived from primitive biological urges--for example, the sex drive. Thus, the libido is usually goal directed. Anxiety, in psychological terms, is an uncontrollable state of fear often unrelated to a specific object or event. Freud’s developmental concepts included identification,’ displacement, defense mechanisms, and psycho sexual stages. Identification labels the behavior of an individual who imitates another person or group ( movie star, gangster, etc. ). Displacement occurs when the instinct is blocked and the frustrated energy is then diverted to substitute objects. Defense mechanisms (repression, projection, and reaction) describe behavior reacting to relieve extreme pressure and to defend the ego. Psychosexual stages refer to the five set stages of an individual, from birth through adolescence: oral (breast-sucking babyhood), anal (toilet-training period), phallic ( 36 years development of sexual feelings) , latancy ( intermediate stage between phallic and beginning of puberty(青春期) ,and genital( formation of genuine relationships and the end of narcissism(自我陶醉).
Freud’s two disciples broke with the master largely over the centrality of sex in Freud’s theorizing. Alfred Adler maintained that man was more a social being than a sexual one, and that individuals are primarily motivated by social interests. Carl Jung also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for hu man behavior. He stressed goal direction beyond childhood, as well as the influence of the ancestral past in such things as magic, power, and hero worship. [br] According to Freud’s concepts, which aspect would MOST be looked upon as the "chief executive" or administrator-in-charge of the total personality, the rational and aware self?
选项
A、Id.
B、Ego.
C、Superego:
D、None of the above.
答案
B
解析
在文章的第三段的第一句和最后一句可以看到The ego is the rational aspect of the personality. It governs the impulsive needs...以及...“ego-ide al”part provides feelings of pride when the self acts in consonance with traditional values of the group.从这两句的含义看B项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3904113.html
相关试题推荐
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
Whiletherootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewhol
随机试题
Everysummer,JeanPiagetretreatstohiscabinintheAlps,wherehespends
Literatureisaformofartthatcanbeenjoyedwithoutformal【C1】______;
[originaltext]StrikesareverycommoninBritain.Theyareextremelyharmfu
某护士在给病人肌内注射前用速干手消毒剂擦手,注射后回套针盖刺伤手部,即用速干手消
小孙的口袋里有四颗糖,一颗是巧克力味的,一颗是果味的,两颗是牛奶味的。小孙任意从
图示结构,不计杆件分布质量,当EI2增大时,结构自振频率: A.不变 B.增
对咯血的特点描述,正确的是A、多从口中呕出 B、一般先有喉部痒感,引起咳嗽,咯
患者畏冷,肢凉,口淡不渴,或喜热饮,或自汗,小便清长或尿少不利,大便稀薄,面色白
在WAIS-RC测验中,如果操作分测验均分12分,图片排列14分、图画填充10
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
最新回复
(
0
)