首页
登录
职称英语
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud a
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud a
游客
2025-01-08
28
管理
问题
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung.
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, was the founder of psychoanalysis and, some would say, of modern psychology itself. The main hypothesis of Freud’s theory is that human behavior is determined primarily by unconscious motives. These unconscious motives can be discovered through the use of free association, that is, through talking out problems with the patient. Freud’s theory of personality involved three broad areas of investigation into human behavior: structural, dynamic, and ’developmental. Structurally, Freud divided the human personality into id, ego, and superego. The id is the completely unconscious part of self. It is the repository(资源) of one’s instinctual needs and drives. Freud posed that it consisted of everything psychological that was inherited.
The ego is the rational aspect of the personality. It governs the impulsive needs created by the id and decides which needs can and will be Satisfied according to the conditions of the environment. The superego is the conscience, the ethical(伦理的) or moral aspect of personality. It is formed by the traditional values and ideals of the society or culture in which a person is born. The superego strives for the ideal. The "con science" part provides guilt feelings when moral values are violated. The "ego-ideal" part provides feelings of pride when the self acts in consonance with traditional values of the group.
Freud’s dynamic concepts involved instinct, libido, and anxiety. Generally, we term behavior as instinctive if it occurs without any apparent opportunity of its having been learned. Freud’s "instinct" differed in that it refers to an inborn bodily condition represented by "wish" and "need". Libido is descriptive of one’s emotional or psychic energy. This energy enables life "instincts" to perform their work and is derived from primitive biological urges--for example, the sex drive. Thus, the libido is usually goal directed. Anxiety, in psychological terms, is an uncontrollable state of fear often unrelated to a specific object or event. Freud’s developmental concepts included identification,’ displacement, defense mechanisms, and psycho sexual stages. Identification labels the behavior of an individual who imitates another person or group ( movie star, gangster, etc. ). Displacement occurs when the instinct is blocked and the frustrated energy is then diverted to substitute objects. Defense mechanisms (repression, projection, and reaction) describe behavior reacting to relieve extreme pressure and to defend the ego. Psychosexual stages refer to the five set stages of an individual, from birth through adolescence: oral (breast-sucking babyhood), anal (toilet-training period), phallic ( 36 years development of sexual feelings) , latancy ( intermediate stage between phallic and beginning of puberty(青春期) ,and genital( formation of genuine relationships and the end of narcissism(自我陶醉).
Freud’s two disciples broke with the master largely over the centrality of sex in Freud’s theorizing. Alfred Adler maintained that man was more a social being than a sexual one, and that individuals are primarily motivated by social interests. Carl Jung also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for hu man behavior. He stressed goal direction beyond childhood, as well as the influence of the ancestral past in such things as magic, power, and hero worship. [br] Jung and Adler differed most with Freud over ______.
选项
A、what primarily motivates human behavior
B、whether dreams can interpret human behavior
C、how hypnosis is used in psychoanalysis
D、what medicine can cure neurosis
答案
A
解析
在文章的最后一段中提到了这两个人与 Freud存在着分歧,即...also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for human behavior.由此可见,答案A符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3904112.html
相关试题推荐
Thestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguageisdefinedas______.A、morphologyB、s
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreuda
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
TheEclipseofFreudSigmundFreudisrightlyregardedas
Theintellectisusuallydefinedasaseparatefacultyinhumanbeings--thea
Whiletherootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewhol
Whiletherootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewhol
随机试题
TheAmericanTwo-partySystemI.IntroductionA.theoldest
DawnaWalterisoneoftheauthorsleadingthewayinBritainwithherbook
下列合同中,既可以是有偿合同也可以是无偿合同的有( )。A.买卖合同 B.借
列表比较三种类型的通气障碍的通气功能指标改变。
隐形课程是指学校计划课程中未明确规定的、非正式和无意识的学习经验。根据上述定义下
股票指数是反映和衡量所选择的一组股票的价格的平均变动的指标。()
关于优等劳动力市场和次等劳动力市场的说法,正确的是()。A.优等劳动力市场形
下列网络营销活动中,属于即时通讯营销的是()。A.论坛发帖宣传 B.博客宣传
OECD于2015年10月发布税基侵蚀和利润转移项目全部15项产出成果。下列各项
甲公司职工周某的月工资为6800元。已知当地职工基本医疗保险的单位缴费率为
最新回复
(
0
)