首页
登录
职称英语
Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, acces
Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, acces
游客
2024-10-23
40
管理
问题
Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, access to both land and labor comes through social links such as kinship, marriage, and descent. Mutual aid in production is merely one aspect of ongoing social relationships that are expressed on many other occasions.
Non-industrial societies contrast with industrial nations in regard to another means of production — technology. In bands and tribes manufacturing is often linked to age and gender. Women may weave and men make pottery or vice versa. Most people of a particular age and gender share the technical knowledge associated with that age and gender. If married women customarily make baskets, most married women know how to make baskets. Neither technology nor technical knowledge is as specialized as it is in states.
However, some tribal societies do promote specialization. Among the Yanomani of Benezuela and Brazil, for instance, certain villages manufacture clay pots and others make hammocks. They don’t specialize, as one might suppose, because certain raw materials happen to be available near particular village. Clay suitable for pots is widely available. Everyone knows how to make pots, but not everybody does so. Craft specialization reflects the social and political environment rather than the natural environment. Such specialization promotes trade, which is the first step in creating an alliance with enemy village. Specialization contributes to keeping the peace, although it has not prevented intervillage warfare.
Among the Trobriand Islanders of the South Pacific, Malinowski found that only two out of several villages manufactured certain ceremonial items that were important in a regional exchange network called the kula ring. As among the Yanomani, this specialization was unrelated to the location of raw materials. We don’t know why this specialization began, but we do know that it persisted within the kula ring, which allied several communities and islands in a common trade network. [br] The author compared Trobriand Islanders and the Yanomani to imply that ______.
选项
A、they were in a regional exchange network called the kula ring
B、they were both manufacturing handcrafts
C、they were located where raw materials were available
D、their specialization had much to do with social and political environment
答案
D
解析
推断题。作者在第三段和第四段中分别用了Trobriand Islanders和Yanomani作为例子,说明专业化反映出社会和政治环境,而不是自然环境,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3813355.html
相关试题推荐
Bodypaintisusedmostlybymeninpreliteratesocietiesinordertoattractgo
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
随机试题
Whendawncame,theyrealizedthattheboatwasblockedinice.Thecaptain(81
Onemanwastomeethiswifedowntownandspendsometimeshoppingwithher.
Mancannotgoonincreasinghisnumberatthepresentrate.Inthenext30ye
Whichmemberormembersofthespeaker’sfamilyhavehealthproblems?[br]Whyd
[originaltext]ManmohanSingh,knownasthearchitectofIndia’srecentecono
英国航空公司所属波音747客机008号班机,准备从伦敦飞往8本东京时,因故障推迟
中国加入WT0可能会使某些行业的生命周期发生变化。( )
下列不能作为商业银行向中央银行进行再贷款质押凭证的是()。A:国库券 B:金融
D股票当前市价为25.00元/股,市场上有以该股票为标的资产的期权交易,有关资料
所有者权益变动表的作用是()。A、反映构成所有者权益(或股东权益)的各组成部分
最新回复
(
0
)