首页
登录
职称英语
Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, acces
Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, acces
游客
2024-10-23
37
管理
问题
Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, access to both land and labor comes through social links such as kinship, marriage, and descent. Mutual aid in production is merely one aspect of ongoing social relationships that are expressed on many other occasions.
Non-industrial societies contrast with industrial nations in regard to another means of production — technology. In bands and tribes manufacturing is often linked to age and gender. Women may weave and men make pottery or vice versa. Most people of a particular age and gender share the technical knowledge associated with that age and gender. If married women customarily make baskets, most married women know how to make baskets. Neither technology nor technical knowledge is as specialized as it is in states.
However, some tribal societies do promote specialization. Among the Yanomani of Benezuela and Brazil, for instance, certain villages manufacture clay pots and others make hammocks. They don’t specialize, as one might suppose, because certain raw materials happen to be available near particular village. Clay suitable for pots is widely available. Everyone knows how to make pots, but not everybody does so. Craft specialization reflects the social and political environment rather than the natural environment. Such specialization promotes trade, which is the first step in creating an alliance with enemy village. Specialization contributes to keeping the peace, although it has not prevented intervillage warfare.
Among the Trobriand Islanders of the South Pacific, Malinowski found that only two out of several villages manufactured certain ceremonial items that were important in a regional exchange network called the kula ring. As among the Yanomani, this specialization was unrelated to the location of raw materials. We don’t know why this specialization began, but we do know that it persisted within the kula ring, which allied several communities and islands in a common trade network. [br] The author compared Trobriand Islanders and the Yanomani to imply that ______.
选项
A、they were in a regional exchange network called the kula ring
B、they were both manufacturing handcrafts
C、they were located where raw materials were available
D、their specialization had much to do with social and political environment
答案
D
解析
推断题。作者在第三段和第四段中分别用了Trobriand Islanders和Yanomani作为例子,说明专业化反映出社会和政治环境,而不是自然环境,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3813355.html
相关试题推荐
Bodypaintisusedmostlybymeninpreliteratesocietiesinordertoattractgo
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
Likeland,laborismeansofproduction.Innon-industrialsocieties,acces
随机试题
Longbusridesareliketelevisionshows.Theyhaveabeginning,amiddle,a
A直接求该积分,求不出来,则考虑变换积分次序,即
A.参与补体经典途径激活的固有成分 B.参与补体旁路途径激活的固有成分 C.
钢筋混凝土盖板涵修建较多的是()左右跨径的。A.1m B.0.75m
《金属非金属矿山安全规程》(GB/6423)规定,排土场卸土时,汽车垂直于排土工
胃术后吻合口梗阻A.呕吐物为食物,无胆汁 B.呕吐物为胆汁,无食物 C.呕
小王正忙于写工作报告,突然接到群众打来的电话,发现某一路口水管爆裂。小王以工作繁
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
A.截止状态 B.放大状态 C.饱和状态 D.击穿状态
竣工决算审计是对项目竣工决算的()进行评价。A.真实性 B.时效性 C.完
最新回复
(
0
)