首页
登录
职称英语
A study reveals that the brain areas that respond when fear is learned thro
A study reveals that the brain areas that respond when fear is learned thro
游客
2024-06-02
19
管理
问题
A study reveals that the brain areas that respond when fear is learned through personal experience are al-so triggered when we see someone else in distress.
In the study, participants watched a short video of a person conditioned to fear a so-called neutral stimulus-something people normally wouldn’t fear--paired with something they find naturally aversive (令人讨厌的), in this case an electrical shock. The person in the video watched colored squares on a computer screen: When a blue square appeared, the person received a mild shock; when a yellow square appeared, there was no shock. The participant in the video responded with distress when the blue square appeared—he would blink hard, tense his cheek muscles and move his hand. "So it’s clear that he’s uncomfortable, he’s in distress," said study team member Andreas Olsson of Columbia University. "And he’s already in distress before he receives the shock, you see him anticipate receiving the shock." By contrast the participant in the video appeared relaxed when the yellow square popped up,
Participants were told they would take part in a similar experiment, and when presented with the blue square, they responded with fear, anticipating a shock, though they were never actually shocked. "Just by watching, they learn themselves," Olsson explained.
This second learning was reflected in the brain. In previous classical conditioning experiments where a fear is learned firsthand, a part of the brain called the amygdala (扁桃核) has been shown to be critical to the development and expression of fears. The scientists monitored the brain activity of each participant during the experiment. Imaging showed that the amygdala responded both when the subjects watched the video of someone else receiving shocks and when they were presented with the blue squares themselves.
"We found that the amygdala is involved both when you’re watching somebody receiving shocks, and when you’re expecting to receive shocks later on yourself," Olsson said. So it seems that similar processes in the brain are triggered both when fears are experienced first-hand and when they are observed in others.
In the real world, the finding could explain why some people are afraid of things despite little contact with them. "You learn by observing other people’s emotional expressions, and what we are showing is that that can be as effective as having those direct experiences yourself," Olsson said. "That’s probably one of the reasons why a lot people are having phobias (恐怖症) of certain kinds of stimuli, such as snakes and spiders." [br] The passage states that before the blue square appeared, the person in the video ______.
选项
A、was in a relaxed state
B、watched the screen closely
C、wondered what would happen
D、got ready to respond to a shock
答案
D
解析
细节题。文中提到电脑屏幕上出现蓝色方格时,受试者会被电击。因此下一次蓝色方格出现时,他非常紧张害怕。直到And he’s already in distress before he receives the shock, you see him anticipate receiving the shock,D中got ready to是对原文anticipate的近义转述。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3616612.html
相关试题推荐
Astudyrevealsthatthebrainareasthatrespondwhenfearislearnedthro
Astudyrevealsthatthebrainareasthatrespondwhenfearislearnedthro
Accordingtoawarcorrespondent,onecouldsensenothingbutflashesandbangs
TheWesternpowersrespondedbysupporting,practicallywithoutconditions,the
Apoliticianmustbeableto______publiccriticism.A、ascertainB、correspondC、
______heisawelllearnedsurgeonbuthecannotevenperformaminoroperation
AsToyotaandHummerhavelearned,growingtoofastcanbeadangerousth
AsToyotaandHummerhavelearned,growingtoofastcanbeadangerousth
AsToyotaandHummerhavelearned,growingtoofastcanbeadangerousth
AsToyotaandHummerhavelearned,growingtoofastcanbeadangerousth
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Great.Goodtoseeyou.M:Myfirstquestioniswhatkindoft
[originaltext]W:Ihaven’thadmuchexerciselately.Myonlyrecreationbasbee
“或然率”是指()A.可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定 B.可能性在量上的一种
钢结构焊接质量无损检验包括()。A.外观检查B.致密性检验C.无损探伤D
DTH皮肤试验阳性与下列物质有关A.抗原、抗原致敏的T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞 B.
下列属于拱式桥施工常用拱架的有( )。A.土牛拱 B.木拱架 C.混凝土拱
艾滋病与人的行为有关,而“易感人群”是指:()A、静脉吸毒者 B、性乱者 C
2012年7月,甲乙丙三人共同出资在丙所在城市成立了一家房地产经纪股份制公司的分
房地产转让的实质是()发生转移。A:房地产权属 B:房地产权益构成 C:房地
可记名、挂失,效率高、成本低、交易安全、可上市流通的国债是()。A.凭证式国债
最新回复
(
0
)