首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2024-04-13
10
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _____.
选项
A、was strengthened
B、was not affected
C、was altered
D、was weakened
答案
B
解析
第1段第5句提到:Laudenslager发现那些无助的老鼠的免疫反应被削弱了,低于正常水平,而那些能切断电源的老鼠却没有。因此,B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3553580.html
相关试题推荐
Mostpeopledon’tenjoyfacingthedifficultsituationsthatsometimesoccur
Mostpeopledon’tenjoyfacingthedifficultsituationsthatsometimesoccur
Ahappymarriagehasbeenshowntolowertherisksofstress-relatedhealth
Ahappymarriagehasbeenshowntolowertherisksofstress-relatedhealth
Ahappymarriagehasbeenshowntolowertherisksofstress-relatedhealth
Ahappymarriagehasbeenshowntolowertherisksofstress-relatedhealth
Ahappymarriagehasbeenshowntolowertherisksofstress-relatedhealth
Ahappymarriagehasbeenshowntolowertherisksofstress-relatedhealth
[originaltext]Andifstressinchildhoodcanleadtoheartdisease,whatab
Theselfishnessofhumansisacentralassumptionoforthodox(传统的)economics,
随机试题
Isuggestedheshould_________________________________(让自己适应新条件).adjusthimsel
Thenicotinegumandpatchesareoftenusedbymillionsofsmokerstohelpk
女性,21岁,高热伴牙龈肿痛1周,应用抗生素治疗无效。胸骨压痛明显,浅表淋巴结及
A.非甾体抗炎药治疗 B.糖皮质激素冲击治疗 C.糖皮质激素常规治疗联合环磷
诸禁鼓栗,如丧神守,皆属于A.风 B.火 C.燥 D.心 E.热
小何因急需现金想通过信用卡预借取现,他的信用卡每日取现金额累计不超过人民币()。
Jackwasdismissed.A:firedB:finedC:e
假设一家公司的财务信息如下(单位:万元)。 在利润率、资产使用率和红利支付
A.基托边缘过长或过锐 B.基托变形 C.基托与黏膜不密合 D.人工后牙覆
女,35岁。牙合面纵向隐裂且累及牙髓,临床牙冠较短,咬合紧,根管治疗已完成。该牙
最新回复
(
0
)