首页
登录
职称英语
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rott
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rott
游客
2024-02-01
22
管理
问题
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rotten in the state of scientific research—"an epidemic of false, biased, and falsified findings" where "only the most egregious cases of misconduct are discovered and punished." Fanelli is a leading thinker in an increasingly alarming field of scientific research: one that seeks to find out why it is that so much scientific research turns out to be wrong.
For a long time the focus has either been on industry funding as a source of bias, particularly in drug research, or on those who deliberately commit fraud, such as the spectacular case of Diederik Stapel, a Dutch social psychologist who was found to have fabricated at least 55 research papers over 20 years. But an increasing number of studies have shown that flawed research is a much wider phenomenon, especially in the biomedical sciences. Indeed, the investigation into Stapel also blamed a "sloppy" research culture that often ignored inconvenient data and misunderstood important statistical methods.
"There’s little question that the [scientific] literature is awash(充斥着)in false findings—findings that if you try to replicate you’ll probably never succeed or at least find them to be different from what was initially said," says Fanelli. "But people don’t appreciate that this is not because scientists are manipulating these results, consciously or unconsciously; it’s largely because we have a system that favors statistical flukes (侥幸) instead of replicable findings. "
This is why, he says, we need to extend the idea of academic misconduct (currently limited to fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism) to "distorted reporting"—the failure to communicate all the information someone would need to validate your findings. Right now, he says, we’re missing all the "unconscious biases, the systemic biases... the practices, mistakes, and problems that hardly ever count as cheating, even though they have a very important—and probably the largest—effect on creating technically false results in the literature. "
One particularly challenging bias is that academic journals tend to publish only positive results. As Isabelle Boutron, a professor of epidemiology at Ren6 Descartes University in Paris, points out, studies have shown that peer reviewers are influenced by trial results; one study showed that they not only favored a paper showing a positive effect over a near-identical paper showing no effect, they also gave the positive paper higher scores for its scientific methods. And Boutron has herself found extensive evidence of scientists spinning their findings to claim benefits that their actual results didn’t quite support.
"We need a major cultural change," says Fanelli. "But when you think that, even 20 years ago, these issues were practically never discussed, I think we’re making considerable progress." [br] Which of the following is true about Fanelli’s article in Nature?
选项
A、Some minor academic cheatings are allowed.
B、There are too many scientific research scandals to be reported all.
C、The outcomes of scientific research are unreliable.
D、It is inevitable to seek quick success.
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据题干锁定文章第一段。文中指出上报的虚假科研发现都是情形最恶劣的,而这些在科研领域已经屡见不鲜。因此正确答案选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3411748.html
相关试题推荐
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.The
MyfriendLeomakesupweakandpoorexcuseswheneverthereissomethinghe
MyfriendLeomakesupweakandpoorexcuseswheneverthereissomethinghe
MyfriendLeomakesupweakandpoorexcuseswheneverthereissomethinghe
随机试题
A、KorowasbroughttothearealaterthanAka,B、Theywereoriginatedfromthes
WriteacompositionentitledPopularityofGreenFood.Youshouldwriteatleast
FromNeolithicpotterytothe20thcenturyposters,theextantvarietiesofarts
Oneimpactthattheburningof______fuelshashadontheearth’senvironmenthas
Iamsurprised______theexamisprettydifficult.A、withwhatyouwerethinking
下列对于风险的认识错误的是()A.商业投资和赌博就是投机风险的实例 B.
A将1改写为,分子1、4、9、16、25、(36)是平方数列,分母2、4、7,11、16、(22)是二级等差数列,所填分数为
教师经常辱骂学生,导致学生厌学情绪严重,最后轻生。应对教师依法追究( )。A.
小强近期迷恋手机游戏,无心学习。班主任向社会工作者小张求助。 与小强交谈几次后
急性感染、急性化学药物中毒如汞中毒可呈现A.血小板减少 B.白细胞增多 C.
最新回复
(
0
)