首页
登录
职称英语
In 1810 Gall published the neuroanatomist’s manual Anatomie,correla
In 1810 Gall published the neuroanatomist’s manual Anatomie,correla
游客
2025-02-22
35
管理
问题
In 1810 Gall published the neuroanatomist’s manual Anatomie,
correlating on three variations in character with variations in external craniological
signs, an approach that depended critical assumptions: that the size
Line and shape of the cranium reflected the size and shape of the underlying portions
(5) of the cerebrum, that mental abilities were innate and fixed, and that the
relative level of development of an innate ability was a reflection of the
inherited size of its cerebral organ. On these assumptions, an observed
correspondence between a particularly well-developed ability and a particularly
prominent area of the cranium could be interpreted as evidence of the functional
(10) localization of that ability in the correlative portion of the cerebrum.
Gall’s approach was abandoned in favor of experiment, his conception of
fixed, innate faculties replaced by a dynamic, evolutionary view of mental
development, and his pivotal assumption concerning the relationship of brain to
cranial conformation rejected, but we cannot overestimate his importance in
(15) linking brain activity to specific cerebral anatomy. Gail’s assumptions may have
been flawed, but not his scientific logic or rigorous empiricism. In postulating a
set of innate, mental traits inherited through the cerebral organ, Gall admitted
differences in aptitude among individuals and between species and thus deviated
from the tabula rasa view of Condillac.
(20) Even Gall’s opponent, Flourens, was willing to admit that it was Gall who
established that the brain serves as the organ of mind. In other respects,
however, Flourens was highly critical of Gall, and soon provided the first
experimental demonstration of localization of function in the brain by employing
ablation to localize a motor center in the front of the brain and motor
(25) coordination in its rear. Although his treatment of sensation was still rather
confused, Flourens articulated a clear distinction between sensation and
perception and localized sensory function within the brain. But with respect to
the cerebrum, a successive slicing through the brain hemispheres produced
diffuse damage to all of the higher mental functions—to perception, intellect,
(30) and will—with the amount of damage varying only with the extent and not the
location of the lesion. Flourens thus concluded that while sensory-motor
functions are differentiated and localized sub-cortically, higher mental functions
such as perception, volition, and intellect are spread throughout the cerebrum,
operating together with the entire cerebrum functioning in a unitary fashion as
(35) their exclusive seat.
As Gall himself observed, ablation was not a method well-suited to the
discovery of cortical localization. Joined to a strong philosophical belief in a
unitary soul and an indivisible mind and an uncritical willingness to generalize
results from lower organisms to humans, Flourens’s results led him to
(40) challenge Gall’s efforts at localization and to formulate a theory of cerebral
homogeneity wherein, the cerebrum was the organ of a unitary mind which
could not be functionally differentiated to the extent Gall suggested. [br] The primary purpose of the passage is to
选项
A、provide a biographical account of the experimental careers of two prominent neuroanatomists
B、examine the correlation between brain activity and consciousness from a neuroanatomical point of view
C、probe the relationship between philosophical views concerning the existence of the unitary soul and attempts to map the brain
D、compare the successes and failures of two different experimental methods in neuroanatomy
E、explore the genesis and evolution of early neuroanatomical theory of the localization of cognitive function
答案
E
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3967762.html
相关试题推荐
In1810Gallpublishedtheneuroanatomist’smanualAnatomie,correla
In1810Gallpublishedtheneuroanatomist’smanualAnatomie,correla
In1810Gallpublishedtheneuroanatomist’smanualAnatomie,correla
In1810Gallpublishedtheneuroanatomist’smanualAnatomie,correla
ElementsofthePhilosophyofNewton,publishedbyVoltairein1738,wasanearl
Thebriefsurvey,publishedunderthetitleTheWorkofNature:HowtheDiversit
Thispassageisadaptedfrommaterialpublishedin2001.FrederickDouglasswas
Thispassageisadaptedfrommaterialpublishedin2001.FrederickDouglasswas
Thispassageisadaptedfrommaterialpublishedin2001.In1998scientistsusin
Theinterviewspublishedinthemagazinewereactuallymorelike______,openand
随机试题
TheUniversityLibraryisoneofthelargest【B1】______librariesinthecou
WritingaResearchPaperI.ResearchPaperandOrdinary
进展期胃癌肉眼形态包括:()A.髓质型 B.糜烂型 C.溃疡型 D.浸
杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体主要寄生于脊椎动物的哪类细胞中A.嗜碱性粒细胞B.中性粒细
股东从保护自身利益的角度出发,在确定股利分配政策时应考虑的因素有:A.避税 B
具有内在活性的选择性β1受体阻断剂是A.普萘洛尔 B.噻吗洛尔 C.吲哚洛尔
银监会对银行业的监管措施中,市场准入不包括()准入。A.信息B.机构C.业
考试的方式有()、()和()三种。
女,25岁,全冠戴入后不久出现龈组织红肿、疼痛,最不可能的原因是A.垂直性食物嵌
航道整治工程施工应协调好施工与通航的关系,陆上炸礁应以( )为主。A.塞缝爆破
最新回复
(
0
)