算盘(abacus)是中国古代的一项伟大发明。在古代,人们用小木棍进行计算。随着社会的发展,需要计算的数目越来越大,用小木棍已无法完成计算。于是,人们发

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问题     算盘(abacus)是中国古代的一项伟大发明。在古代,人们用小木棍进行计算。随着社会的发展,需要计算的数目越来越大,用小木棍已无法完成计算。于是,人们发明了更为高级的计算工具——算盘。由于算盘操作方便、简单易学,因此在中国被广泛使用。在算盘的基础上,有人发展了珠心算(mental abacus),即把算盘的形象描绘在脑海中来计算数字。

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答案     The abacus is a great invention in ancient China. In the old times, people used small rods to count. With the social development, numbers needed to calculate were increasingly greater, which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task. Thus, people invented a more advanced calculating device—the abacus. Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn, the abacus was widely used in China. On the basis of the abacus, there came the mental abacus with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures.

解析 1.第3句由3个短句构成,第1个短句为状语,可译成介词短语With the social development或连词as引出的从句As the society developed;第2个短句可处理为主句,当中的定语“需要计算的”可译为分词短语needed to calculate,作后置定语;第3个短句则处理成用which引导的非限制性定语从句,套用make it impossible for sb./sth.to do sth.的结构,译成which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task,为了避免重复,把“完成计算”转译成了“完成任务”。
2.第4句中破折号后的内容“算盘”是前面“更为高级的计算工具”的同位语,译文处也可用破折号引出。
3.第5句中的“由于算盘操作方便、简单易学”可套用英语常用句式it is+a.+to do sth.,译为Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn。虽然中文出现了“由于……因此……”,但译为英语时不能同时出现“Since…so…”。
4.最后一句中的“有人发展了珠心算”如果逐字对译为someone has developed...则显晦涩,且主语“有人”无需强调,故转换主语为“珠心算”,用there came句型,表存现状态。“即把算盘的形象……”是对“珠心算”的补充说明,可用介词短语with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures来表达。
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