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  3. Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation

Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation

游客2024-01-13  19
问题     Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference," or equity as distinct for equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women’ s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradi- tion emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women’ s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its at- tendant responsibilities.
    Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and which still pre-dominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for all. Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to em- phasize women’s special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers; they demanded special treatment including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework.
    Relational arguments have a major pitfall : because they underline women’ s physiological and psychological distinc- tiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women’s autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge. [br] The author of the passage alludes to the well-established nature of the concept of individual rights in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition in order to
选项 A、illustrate the influence of individualist feminist thought on more general intellectual trends in English history.
B、argue that feminism was already a part of the larger Anglo-Saxon intellectual tradition, even though this has often gone unnoticed by critics of women’s emancipation.
C、explain the decline in individualist thinking among feminists in non-English-speaking countries.
D、help account for an increasing shift toward individualist feminism among feminists in English-speaking countries.
E、account for the philosophical differences between individualist and relational feminists in English-speaking countries.
答案 D
解析 作者指出盎格鲁一萨克逊法律、政治传统关于个人权利的观念是为了：A．描述个人或女权思想影响。说反了，应是别的因素影响这些思想的传播。B．女权主义已是盎一萨传统的一部分。无。C．解释个人式女权思想在非英语国家衰落。文中只说在非英语国家仍是另一种思潮支配，推不出此选项内容。D．正确。解释英语国家女权主义者为何趋向个人式思想。原文用一个because引出本题主干，就是解释这一现象。E．解释英语国家女权主义者两种思想的区别。无。
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