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  3. Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation

Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation

游客2024-01-13  32
问题     Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference," or equity as distinct for equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women’ s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradi- tion emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women’ s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its at- tendant responsibilities.
    Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and which still pre-dominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for all. Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to em- phasize women’s special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers; they demanded special treatment including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework.
    Relational arguments have a major pitfall : because they underline women’ s physiological and psychological distinc- tiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women’s autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge. [br] The author implies that which of the following was true of most feminist thinkers in England and the United States after 1920?
选项 A、They were less concerned with politics than with intellectual issues.
B、They began to reach a broader audience and their programs began to be adopted by mainstream political parties.
C、They called repeatedly for international cooperation among women’ s groups to achieve their goals.
D、They moderated their initial criticism of the economic systems that characterized their societies.
E、They did not attempt to unite the two different feminist approaches in their thought.
答案 E
解析 在1920年以后，大部分英美女权主义者有什么观点?据原文L30—35，1920年后这些人都应有个人式主张。E．正确。他们不想联合两种不同女权主张，从文章末句“现如今合在一起会更有成果”取非得到。A、B、C、D和文章叙述皆无关。
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