首页
登录
职称英语
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
游客
2024-01-11
35
管理
问题
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the
world; only "proper nouns" have specific and unique referents in the everyday
Line world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the
(5) scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While
each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication
requires general categories or "universals". Anyone who has attempted to
communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with
the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of
(10) lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to
classes of things such as "buildings" or to concepts like "construction".
We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we
group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of
"function words" or grammatical words, such as "only" and "under" which do
(15) not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other than
simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas
exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the
introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming
things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas
(20) well.
The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels for pre-existing
ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely
referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the
sign systems which we use; "reality" is created by the media which seem simply
(25) to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories;
categories do not exist in "the world" .e.g. "where are the boundaries of a
cloud; when does a smile begin". Such an emphasis on reality as invariably
perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do
seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently
(30) salient. Within a language, many words may refer to "the same thing" but
reflect different evaluations of it. For example, "one person’s ’hovel’ is
another person’s ’home’"
Meanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this
sense, "reality" or "the world" is created by the language we use: this
(35) argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the
radical stance that "the real world" is a product of our sign systems, we must
still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world
and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the
known world at all. Thus, all words are "abstractions", and there is no direct
(40) correspondence between words and "things" in the world. [br] According to the passage, which of the following assumptions would the "nomenclaturist" most likely agree with?
选项
A、The seamlessness of reality complicates the notion of linguistic categories, such that those categories must be questioned.
B、The experience of reality largely varies from that of the experience of language, weakening the reliability of both experiences.
C、Ideas invariably precede, in their existence and meaning, the language that subsequently articulates them.
D、Language, although capable of developing categories, can never articulate more than particular instances.
E、The meaning of a word is not fixed historically, and may evolve over time due to a variety of factors.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352801.html
相关试题推荐
Roger:Readingalotasachildcausesnearsightedness—difficultyseeingthings
Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemorecomprehensible,butmore
Fewmenwouldnotbe______,ifthingsweresoarrangedthattheyderivedno_____
Mostwordsare"lexicalwords",i.e.nounssignifying"things",the
Mostwordsare"lexicalwords",i.e.nounssignifying"things",the
Mostwordsare"lexicalwords",i.e.nounssignifying"things",the
Mostwordsare"lexicalwords",i.e.nounssignifying"things",the
Asacollegeprofessor,WoodrowWilsonwas______inallthings:hebroughtthesa
Themodernageisapermissiveoneinwhichthingscanbesaidexplicitly,butt
Justassuchapparentlybasicthingsasrocks,clouds,andclamsare,infact,i
随机试题
【1】[br]【4】[originaltext]Whiteneighborhoodsarebecomingdarkerincomple
Individualism,independence,andself-relianceareperhapsthemostdistin
患者,女,28岁。因工作不理想,心情抑郁,胁肋胀痛,月经失调,脉弦。治疗应首选的
1979年全国普通高校毕业生人数为8.5万人,1980年为14.7万人,2001
某商店同时卖出两件商品,每件各得60元,但其中一件赚20%,另一件亏本20%,问
关于小组目标制定原则的说法,不正确的是()。A.小组目标清楚,可以测量和评
下列句子中,加括号的词语运用有误的一句是()。A.禾苗把鸦鹊湖(伪装)成无边的草
美国供应管理协会(ISM)公布的制造业采购经理人指数(PMI)是一个综合性加权指
2019年甲服装公司(位于某县城)实际占地面积30000平方米,其中办公楼占地
选择应缩短持续时间的关键工作应考虑的因素不包括( )。A.缩短持续时间对质量和
最新回复
(
0
)