首页
登录
职称英语
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
游客
2024-01-11
33
管理
问题
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the
world; only "proper nouns" have specific and unique referents in the everyday
Line world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the
(5) scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While
each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication
requires general categories or "universals". Anyone who has attempted to
communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with
the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of
(10) lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to
classes of things such as "buildings" or to concepts like "construction".
We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we
group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of
"function words" or grammatical words, such as "only" and "under" which do
(15) not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other than
simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas
exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the
introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming
things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas
(20) well.
The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels for pre-existing
ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely
referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the
sign systems which we use; "reality" is created by the media which seem simply
(25) to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories;
categories do not exist in "the world" .e.g. "where are the boundaries of a
cloud; when does a smile begin". Such an emphasis on reality as invariably
perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do
seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently
(30) salient. Within a language, many words may refer to "the same thing" but
reflect different evaluations of it. For example, "one person’s ’hovel’ is
another person’s ’home’"
Meanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this
sense, "reality" or "the world" is created by the language we use: this
(35) argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the
radical stance that "the real world" is a product of our sign systems, we must
still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world
and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the
known world at all. Thus, all words are "abstractions", and there is no direct
(40) correspondence between words and "things" in the world. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the term "reductionist" would most likely apply to which of the following views concerning language’?
选项
A、A number of words exist with identical meanings.
B、.Several words with different connotations may refer to the same object.
C、A word used two centuries ago might refer to the same object today.
D、Reality is constructed, not discovered, by the medium of language.
E、A word may refer to non-existent objects, categories, and carry multiple connotations.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352803.html
相关试题推荐
Mistakesarethethingsthatnobodywants,butwestillmakemistakesatany
Mistakesarethethingsthatnobodywants,butwestillmakemistakesatany
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Peoplecannotbemorallyresponsibleforthingsoverwhichtheyhavenocontrol.
Roger:Readingalotasachildcausesnearsightedness—difficultyseeingthings
Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemorecomprehensible,butmore
Mostwordsare"lexicalwords",i.e.nounssignifying"things",the
随机试题
Thisis______astheoneyouboughttheotherday.A、suchgoodapictureB、soag
为了实现这个目标,国家决定重点发展农村地区与预防医学。Torealizethetargets,theStatehasoptedtopriori
WhenSakenaYacoobiwasachildinHerat,Afghanistan,shesawmanywomensu
A. B. C. D.无法判断
试回答交通标志产品各项试验检测频率及结果判定规则的相关问题。(3)检测结果为(1
统计某月份商品平均价格的计算方法如图8所示。将E2单元格的公式移动到E
下列抗癫痫药物中属于肝药酶抑制剂的是A.苯巴比妥 B.丙戊酸钠 C.苯妥英钠
2,2,2,,,( )
区域环境承载力最终表征为区域所能承受的社会经济规模和()。A.生物资源
天元公司和地方公司签订建设工程施工合同,约定由地方公司承建天元公司位于A市的写字
最新回复
(
0
)