首页
登录
职称英语
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
游客
2024-01-11
28
管理
问题
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the
world; only "proper nouns" have specific and unique referents in the everyday
Line world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the
(5) scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While
each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication
requires general categories or "universals". Anyone who has attempted to
communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with
the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of
(10) lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to
classes of things such as "buildings" or to concepts like "construction".
We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we
group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of
"function words" or grammatical words, such as "only" and "under" which do
(15) not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other than
simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas
exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the
introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming
things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas
(20) well.
The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels for pre-existing
ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely
referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the
sign systems which we use; "reality" is created by the media which seem simply
(25) to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories;
categories do not exist in "the world" .e.g. "where are the boundaries of a
cloud; when does a smile begin". Such an emphasis on reality as invariably
perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do
seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently
(30) salient. Within a language, many words may refer to "the same thing" but
reflect different evaluations of it. For example, "one person’s ’hovel’ is
another person’s ’home’"
Meanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this
sense, "reality" or "the world" is created by the language we use: this
(35) argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the
radical stance that "the real world" is a product of our sign systems, we must
still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world
and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the
known world at all. Thus, all words are "abstractions", and there is no direct
(40) correspondence between words and "things" in the world. [br] According to the passage, the word "violation" would best be classified as a
选项
A、Function word
B、Lexical word
C、Concept word
D、Category word
E、Grammatical word
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352804.html
相关试题推荐
Mistakesarethethingsthatnobodywants,butwestillmakemistakesatany
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Roger:Readingalotasachildcausesnearsightedness—difficultyseeingthings
OutofAmerica’sfascinationwithallthingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbyg
Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemorecomprehensible,butmore
A、FunctionwordB、LexicalwordC、ConceptwordD、CategorywordE、Grammaticalword
随机试题
[img]2012q1/ct_eilm_eillist_0399_20121[/img][br][originaltext]IfI’vepersuad
A.sensibleB.comprehensiveC.readilyD.incaseE.sensitiveF.passi
A.removeB.judgeC.intelligenceD.indicate
Thomaswasarealfriend,forheadvisedmeaswellas(help)____________mewith
[originaltext]Attheendofeveryyear,U.S.weatherresearcherslookback
Word安装完毕第一次启动时,屏幕上的缺省工具栏是()。A.格式 B.常用
关于紧急救护,以下说法不正确的是A.遇有患者病情危急时,护士应立即通知医师 B
期货结算机构的职能有()。A.监控期货交易所财务风险 B.结算期货交易盈亏
下列房产中免征房产税的是()。A.自收自支事业单位向职工出租的单位自有住房
债务人或者第三人有权处分的下列权利中,可以质押的是()。A.建设用地使用权
最新回复
(
0
)