2. 职称英语
  3. Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obst

Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obst

游客2024-01-10  3
问题     Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business. This proposition, which we term the increasing-disadvantage model, is a core element of the popular glass ceiling metaphor. Despite continued widespread public acceptance of the glass ceiling idea and some consistent findings, most research to date has failed to support the increasing-disadvantage model. Indeed, several studies based on private-sector firms find that women’s mobility prospects improve, rather than decline, as they climb upward in corporate hierarchies. In the public sector, researchers have found either no sex differences in mobility or a larger female disadvantage in lower grades.
    Comparing cross-sectional national samples of workers, Baxter and Wright found no evidence in the United States, and only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that women’ s probability of being located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to men’ s at higher levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that the glass ceiling may be a myth. Women’ s scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels. [br] The primary purpose of the passage is to
选项 A、compare two explanations for a recurring problem
B、summarize evidence relevant to a hypothesis
C、point out inconsistencies in a set of findings
D、account for the persistence of a point of view
E、reconsider the origins of an ongoing issue
答案 B
解析 本题属于主旨题。本文主旨是玻璃天花板这一说法并不准确，同时文章引用了大量的证据采支持这一说法，因此选项B正确。但要注意，选项B中的a hypothesis对应第一句的观点，女性会遭遇劣势上升，而文章通过总结与之相关的证据来反驳这一观点。hypothesis一词翻译成“假说”，其实就是观点。evidence是不可数名词，表达“好多证据”要写成pieces of evidence。A项本文只是列举证据来说明玻璃天花板这个现象存在不存在，并没有解释任何事情。C项本文确实有一系列发现(对应文章给出的各种证据)，但是没有指出它们之间的不一致。
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