首页
登录
职称英语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading P
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading P
游客
2024-01-08
35
管理
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Man or Machine?
MIT’s humanoid robots showcase both human creativity and contemporary pessimism.
Humanoid robots were once the stuff of political and science fiction. Today, scientists working in Japan and the USA have been turning fiction into a physical reality.
A During July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls ’the world’s most advanced humanoid robot’, ASIMO(the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda’s brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut’s suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO’s face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large ’eyes’ that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously — its actions are ’remote controlled’ by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. It can even dance to the Hawaiian Hula.
B While the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics and bipedal movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT’s former Artificial Intelligence(Al)lab(recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL)have been making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MIT’s robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic head and has two eyes(complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot’s facial expressions, and often change their behaviour towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ’sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.
C Cog(short for Cognition)is another pioneering project from MIT’s former Al lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, hands and a torso — and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions. This approach to Al was thought up and developed by a team of students and researchers led by the head of MIT’s former Al lab, Rodney Brooks(now head of CSAIL), and represented a completely new development.
D This work at MIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine — because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.
E These are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In Japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes — partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.
F So in addition to these potentially creative plans there lies a certain dehumanisation. The idea that companions can be replaced with machines, for example, suggests a mechanical and degraded notion of human relationships. On one hand, these developments express human creativity — our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanised ideas — by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviours, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.
G The tension between the dehumanised and creative aspects of robots has long been explored in culture. In Karel Capek’s Rossum’s Universal Robots, a 1921 play in which the term ’robot’ was first coined, although Capek’s robots had human-like appearance and behaviour, the dramatist never thought these robots were human. For Capek, being human was about much more than appearing to be human. In part, it was about challenging a dehumanising system, and struggling to become recognised and given the dignity of more than a machine. A similar spirit would guide us well through twenty-first century experiments in robotics.
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once. [br] How robot is used in the artistic work
选项
答案
A
解析
利用反向思维词“artistic work”可以推断原文对应信息应该提及具体的艺术创作,例如绘画、音乐、舞蹈等方面的信息。原文对应信息位于A段落最后三句话“Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human.The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards,side to side and up anddownstairs.It can even dance to the Hawaiian Hula”,此处提及ASIMO在这里进行各种表演,尤其是夏威夷呼拉舞,对应题目信息“artistic work”,所以正确答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3343806.html
相关试题推荐
Thereseemstobeno(i)_______thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe
Theaccusationswebringagainstothersshouldbe(i)______ourselves;theyshou
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—Whatco
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—What
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyouquestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—What’syo
Discussiontopic:CitiesandCountrysideExamplequestions:•Compareandcont
Discussiontopic:BooksExamplequestions:•Whatkindofbooksdopeopleinyou
3.PART3Discussiontopic:SuccessExamplequestions:•Inyourcountry,howis
Tellmeaboutafilmyouhaveseen.Youshouldsay:whatthetitleofthefil
随机试题
[originaltext]Cairoisknownforitsovercrowdedroads,irregulardrivingpr
下列关于项目实施与控制的说法,正确的有()。A.项目控制是属于目标控制的范畴
力学强度是水泥和水泥混凝土材料一项重要性能指标,下表列出水泥胶砂和水泥混凝土各一
依据《公路工程质量检验评定标准第一册土建工程》(JTGF80/1-2017)的规
关于进度计划调整的说法,正确的是()。A、网络计划中某项工作进度超前,不需要进
乙脑病毒主要侵犯的人体系统是()。A.免疫系统 B.呼吸系统 C.循环系统
()年,国务院颁布《减持国有股筹集社会保障资金管理暂行办法》。通过国有股变现解决
按照《证券投资基金销售管理办法》,下列可以作为基金代理销售资格的机构有()。A
在选择380V低压配电设备时,下列哪项不能作为功能性开关电器?()A.接触器
(2019年真题)使用承租的机械设备和施工机具及配件的,由()共同进行验收。A
最新回复
(
0
)