2. 职称英语
  3. In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of manage

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of manage

游客2023-12-30  14
问题     In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively【C1】________work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
    In any case, despite so much evidence to the【C2】________, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,【C3】________that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from【C4】________without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian managers.
    Different cultures have different ways of【C5】________people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known【C6】________the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to        【C7】________to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many Western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general【C8】________Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a【C9】________that traditional       【C10】________managers cannot.
    A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without【C11】________managers first. This empowerment has been part of the trend towards downsizing:【C12】________the number of management layers in companies. After delayering in this way, a company may be【C13】________with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with【C14】________contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation much further than has【C15】________been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to【C16】________that the overall business plan is being【C17】________, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
    Another trend is off-site or【C18】________management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the       【C19】________of the team members in terms of what they【C20】________for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. [br] 【C12】
选项 A、doubling
B、maintaining
C、reducing
D、estimating
答案 C
解析 根据前句中的the trend towards downsizing(缩小规模的趋势)可知，要减少管理层的数量，这样就可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3318159.html
相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)