首页
登录
职称英语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
游客
2023-12-20
53
管理
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements, basic moral duties, practical rules which promote efficiency, and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behaviour, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behaviour in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth century Provence, in France.
Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behaviour of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.
Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. [br] According to the writer which of the following is part of chivalry?A knight should
选项
A、inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds.
B、perform deeds which would inspire romantic songs.
C、express his love for his lady from a distance.
D、regard his lady as strong and independent.
答案
C
解析
有关骑士精神的内容,可在第六段中找到。A和D实际上正好相反。应该是骑士表现出勇敢、坚强和独立的精神。尽管骑士精神在许多爱情歌曲中得到赞颂,但这不是骑士们表现出绅士风度的目的,故B也不对。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3288545.html
相关试题推荐
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperity
WhenGermanyinvadedPoland,BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermany.The
Theso-called"GloriousRevolution"of1688tookplacein_____.A、FranceB、Americ
1 InthedaysoftheRoses,Francewasstillasortofsemi-detachedpartofEn
1 InthedaysoftheRoses,Francewasstillasortofsemi-detachedpartofEn
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheop-edpages.Th
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
随机试题
A、Afoodfightamongchildhoodacquaintance.B、Acustomofcelebratingharvest.
AccordingtoascientificstudypublishedinApril,2007,birdshaveshownt
Twomen,startingatthesamepoint,walkinoppositedirectionsfor4meters,t
关于税收支出的说法不正确的是( )。A.税收支出的目的是取得收入 B.照顾
管道工程有关背景资料如下: 1.某厂区室外消防给水管网平面图如图6.II所示
接有二次电缆的开关场就地端子箱内(汇控柜、智能控制柜)应设有铜排(不要求与端子箱
2014年12月5日。中国建设银行多伦多分行正式开业。建设银行多伦多分行持全能
在使用他评量表时,评定等级的划分通常是在3~7级之间,最常见的是()个等级。(2
对特殊用药人群需要特别详细提示服用药品的方法,特殊人群如下列A.婴幼儿 B.成
用于我国严寒、寒冷地区的建筑节能外窗进入现场时,应对其进行复验的性能有()
最新回复
(
0
)