首页
登录
职称英语
Lately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans
Lately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans
游客
2023-12-17
36
管理
问题
Lately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behaviour that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behaviour that make one group of people different from another group.
Our culture Lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead, we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these aspects of human behaviour, or "culture", can also be found in the lives of certain animals. Animals Can Make Tools
We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. This is a major step up from simply picking up a handy object and using it. For example, chimps have been seen stripping the leaves and twigs off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. When the termites bite at the stick, the chimp removes it and eats them off the end--not unlike our use of a fork!
Animals Can Share Knowledge
For some time we thought that although human beings learned their culture, animals could not be taught such behaviour. Or even if they could learn, they would not teach one another in the way people do. This too has proven to be untrue. A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Monkey Centre in Japan. They were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. One day a young female began to wash her sweet potato to get rid of the sand. This practice soon spread throughout the group. It became learned behaviour, not from humans but from other monkeys. Now almost all monkeys who have not come into contact with this group do not. Thus we have a "cultural" difference among animals. Animals Can Communicate With Language
Even the use of language can no longer separate human culture from animal culture. Attempts to teach apes to speak have failed. However, this is because apes do not have the proper vocal organs. But teaching them language has been very successful if we are willing to accept other forms than just the spoken word. Two psychologists trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to use Standard American Sign Language. This is the same language used by deaf people. In this language, "talk" is made through gestures, and not by spelling out words with individual letter. By the time she was five years old, Washoe had a vocabulary of 130 signs. Also, she could put them together in new ways that had not been taught her originally. This means she could create language and not just mimic it. She creates her own sentences that have real meaning. This has allowed two way talk. it permits more than one-way command and response.
Of course, there are limits to the culture of animals. As far as we know, no ape has formed social institutions such as religion, law, or economics. Also, some chimps may be able to learn sign language; but this form of language is limited in its ability to communicate abstract ideas. Yet with a spoken language we fan communicate our entire culture to anyone else who knows that language. Perhaps the most important thing we have learned from studies of other animals is that the line dividing us from them is not as clear as we used to think. [br] Which is NOT discussed as a major aspect of "culture"?
选项
A、Tool making.
B、Cooperation.
C、Recreation.
D、Communication.
答案
C
解析
本文主要从制造工具、分享知识和用语言交流三方面比较了人与其他动物的差别,没有提及休闲娱乐问题,因此正确答案为C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3280392.html
相关试题推荐
CultureTherearesomanythingsaboutour
CultureTherearesomanythingsaboutour
CultureTherearesomanythingsaboutour
CultureTherearesomanythingsaboutour
_____dealswiththeactualuseoflanguageasasocialphenomenonandcanbeap
Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"--physicalobjects
Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"--physicalobjects
Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"--physicalobjects
Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"--physicalobjects
Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.Th
随机试题
______allcustoms,nomatterhowsacrosanct,areessentiallylearnedreactionsa
以下哪本著作是“原予论”学派的重要代表作()A.《论不存在》 B.《物理学》
某道路施工中发生边坡滑坡事故,20人被埋,经抢救14人生还,6人死亡,8人重伤。
钢筋混凝土梁一般配制有()。A、分布筋 B、纵向受力钢筋 C、箍筋 D、架
呼吸暴发是指A.缺血-再灌注性肺损伤B.肺通气量代偿性增强C.中性粒细胞氧自由基
根据下列资料回答问题。 已知2010年该省限额以下批发和零售企业零售额相比
(2016真题)城市用地适用性评价中,基本上可以修建的用地有()。A.有轻微的
可交换公司债券的面值为每张人民币()元。 A.1B.10C.100D.
一住店客人未付房钱即想离开旅馆去车站。旅馆服务员揪住他不让走,并打报警电话。客人
根据《房屋建筑与装饰工程工程量计算规范》GB50854—2013,有关石基础的
最新回复
(
0
)