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  3. Can Milk Make You Happy? Can Fish Make You Smart? Hippocrate

Can Milk Make You Happy? Can Fish Make You Smart? Hippocrate

游客2023-12-11  25
问题                 Can Milk Make You Happy? Can Fish Make You Smart?
    Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine", said, "Let your food be your medicine, and let your medicine be your food. " For a Greek born in the fifth century B.C. , Hippocrates was wise beyond his time. Today, we know that a low fat diet strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of cancer and heart disease. But there’s more to the story. New evidence suggests that food may influence how healthy people think and feel. Were he alive today, Hippocrates might look back to his last meal to explain his cheerful or sour mood. He might also change his eating habits to become happier or smarter.
    How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from one neuron to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving. Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you strike your toe against an obstacle. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That’s why you back away immediately and exclaim, "Ouch!"
    "Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat," says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
    Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of calmness and relaxation. Drugs that prevent its return back (into the neuron that released it) are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, non depressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. "It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood," Chudler says.
    Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It’s found in peanuts, milk and seafood. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects’ diets.
    Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily. There’s a lot to learn, and future research may reveal more about the chemistry of mood, brain, and nutrition. Until then, it makes sense to choose healthy foods that nourish both body and mind. If he were alive today, a smart and happy Hippocrates might be spotted buying skinless turkey at the supermarket or chewing broccoli from the salad bar. [br] Which of the following is true according to Paragraphs 3 and 4?
选项 A、Those suffering from depression have too much serotonin.
B、Neurotransmitters are a part of the brain.
C、Balanced diet may help regulate the mood.
D、Carbohydrate foods contain comparatively more serotonin.
答案 C
解析 本题考查事实细节。第三段第一、二句引用专家的话指出：许多神经递质是靠食物形成的，过多或过少摄人某种营养会影响它们的形成。末句则具体介绍了产生神经递质血清素(serotonin)所需要的食物。第四段第一至四句指出，神经递质对大脑产生影响，如：血清素可用于缓解情绪低落。第五句指出，碳水化合物食物能够促进血清素的生成，从而达到缓解抑郁的效果。末句再次引用专家的话指出：(通过饮食实现)不同神经递质之让的平衡(从而能)有助于调节人的情绪。因此[C]是这两段内容的概括。第四段第三、四句指出血清素让人产生平静和放松的感觉；治疗抑郁症的药物原理是：阻止血清素消失。因此抑郁症病人不大可能血清素过多。[A]错误。第四段第二句提到，神经递质(对人的)影响取决于其数量和作用于大脑的具体位置，但由此无法推知[B]。[D]的干扰源于第四段倒数第二句，但该句说明碳水化合物食物能促进血清素的产生(enhance serotonin production)，而非含有血清素。
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