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Can Milk Make You Happy? Can Fish Make You Smart? Hippocrate

游客2023-12-11  13
问题                 Can Milk Make You Happy? Can Fish Make You Smart?
    Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine", said, "Let your food be your medicine, and let your medicine be your food. " For a Greek born in the fifth century B.C. , Hippocrates was wise beyond his time. Today, we know that a low fat diet strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of cancer and heart disease. But there’s more to the story. New evidence suggests that food may influence how healthy people think and feel. Were he alive today, Hippocrates might look back to his last meal to explain his cheerful or sour mood. He might also change his eating habits to become happier or smarter.
    How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from one neuron to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving. Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you strike your toe against an obstacle. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That’s why you back away immediately and exclaim, "Ouch!"
    "Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat," says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
    Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of calmness and relaxation. Drugs that prevent its return back (into the neuron that released it) are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, non depressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. "It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood," Chudler says.
    Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It’s found in peanuts, milk and seafood. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects’ diets.
    Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily. There’s a lot to learn, and future research may reveal more about the chemistry of mood, brain, and nutrition. Until then, it makes sense to choose healthy foods that nourish both body and mind. If he were alive today, a smart and happy Hippocrates might be spotted buying skinless turkey at the supermarket or chewing broccoli from the salad bar. [br] It can be inferred that nerve impulse______.
选项 A、carries a chemical message
B、can move to and from the brain
C、can be a source of pain
D、can release neurotransmitters
答案 B
解析 本题考查事实细节。第二段最后三句以“疼痛感的产生”为例说明：神经冲动能够把周边环境的信息传入大脑，也能将信息从大脑传递到肌肉。因此，神经冲动在大脑与肌肉(环境)之间双向移动，所以[B]为正确选项。[A]张冠李戴，该段第三句说携带化学信息的是神经递质分子(neurotransmitters)。最后三句提到：神经冲动只是将环境信息(如：疼痛感)传人大脑，或从大脑传递到肌肉，它并不是产生这些感觉的根源。所以，[C]不正确。从第五句可知，释放神经递质的是神经元(neuron)，排除[D]。
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