首页
登录
职称英语
Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, th
Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, th
游客
2023-12-10
50
管理
问题
Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decisions. If they are forced to, they may do so intuitively, rather than by reasoning. Such apathy is often put down to tiredness, but a study published recently in Psychological Science suggests there may be more to it than that. Whether reason or intuition is used may depend simply on the decision-maker’s blood-sugar level—which is, itself, affected by the process of reasoning.
E.J. Masicampo and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University discovered this by doing some experiments on that most popular of laboratory animals, the impoverished undergraduate. They asked 121 psychology students who had volunteered for the experiment to watch a silent video of a woman being interviewed that had random words appearing in bold black letters every ten seconds along the perimeter of the video. This was the part of the experiment intended to be mentally taxing. Half of the students were told to focus on the woman, to try to understand what she was saying, and to ignore the words along the perimeter. The other half were given no instructions. Those that had to focus were exerting considerable self-control not to look at the random words.
When the video was over, half of each group was given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it and half was given a glass of lemonade with sugar substitute. Twelve minutes later, when the glucose from the lemonade with sugar in it had had time to enter the students’ blood, the researchers administered a decision-making task that was designed to determine if the participant was using intuition or reason to make up his mind.
The students were asked to think about where they wanted to live in the coming year and given three accommodation options that varied both in size and distance from the university campus. Two of the options were good, but in different ways: one was far from the campus, but very large; the other was close to campus, but smaller. The third option was a decoy, similar to one of the good options, but obviously not quite as good. If it was close to campus and small, it was not quite as close as the good close option and slightly smaller. If it was far from campus and large, it was slightly smaller than the good large option and slightly farther away.
Psychologists have known for a long time that having a decoy option in a decision-making task draws people to choose a reasonable option that is similar to the decoy. Dr. Masicampo and Dr. Baumeister suspected that students who had been asked to work hard during the video and then been given a drink without any sugar in it would be more likely to rely on intuition when making this decision than those from the other three groups. And that is what happened; 64% of them were swayed by the decoy. Those who had either not had to exert mental energy during the showing of the video or had been given glucose in their lemonade, used reason in their decision-making task and were less likely to be swayed by the decoy.
It is not clear why intuition is independent of glucose. It could be that humans inherited a default nervous system from other mammals that was similar to intuition, and that could make snap decisions about whether to fight or flee regardless of how much glucose was in the body.
Whatever the reason, the upshot seems to be that thinking is, indeed, hard work. And important decisions should not be made on an empty stomach. [br] The last paragraph suggests that
选项
A、people are not able to make important decisions when hungry.
B、decisions made on an empty stomach may be unreasonable.
C、people are less intelligent when they are hungry.
D、people are more intelligent when they are hungry.
答案
B
解析
文章最后一句中用should not表建议,表明“做重要的决定时不能空着肚子”,由此可推断空着肚子做出的决定是不合理的,故B对。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3262381.html
相关试题推荐
OverweightpeoplearelikelytosufferfromallthefollowingdiseasesEXCEPT[o
ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Nodoubtt
ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Nodoubtt
ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Nodoubtt
InLondonsomegenerationsagopeopledidn’tgotothecinema,theywentto
InLondonsomegenerationsagopeopledidn’tgotothecinema,theywentto
Peopletravelinglongdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecideif(1)______they
Peopletravelinglongdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecideif(1)______they
Peopletravelinglongdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecideif(1)______they
Peopletravelinglongdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecideif(1)______they
随机试题
Allthereferencesshehasobtainedforherdoctoraldissertation______aboutt
Notuntilmostofthepeoplehadlefttheairport_____hissisterwasthere.A、h
某信息化建设项目的状态数据为:实际成本(AC)=44150元,计划值(PV)=4
某企业三种产品的单位成本和产量资料如下表: 若根据上表资料编制三种
关于血糖测定正确的是A.血糖测定受饮食影响,但不受取血部位影响B.全血葡萄糖浓度
某企业2018年2月1日从银行借入期限为3年的长期借款2100万元,编制2020
招标采购管理方案涉及的控制范围的层次不包括()。A、针对招标采购活动进行规划B
诺言:履行 A.思想:交流 B.选择:武断 C.电影:制片 D.名
随着时代的进步,新型的、民主的家庭气氛和父母子女关系还在形成,但随着孩子的自我意
小脑幕裂孔疝与枕骨大孔疝根本区别是A、剧烈头痛 B、频繁呕吐 C、意识障碍发
最新回复
(
0
)