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  3. Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. Its goal

Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. Its goal

游客2023-12-04  31
问题 Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of things—from sub-nuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole. Our intuition is by no means an infallible guide. Our perceptions may be distorted by training and prejudice or merely because of the limitations of our sense organs, which, of course, perceive directly but a small fraction of the phenomena of the world.
Even so straightforward a question as whether in the absence of friction a pound of lead falls faster than a grain of fluff was answered incorrectly by Aristotle and almost everyone else before the time of Galileo. Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to challenge old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is. Accordingly, science sometimes requires courage—at the very least, the courage to question the conventional wisdom.
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答案     与其说科学是一套知识体系，还不如说是一种思维方式。其目标是弄清世界是如何运转的，探求可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从可能是构成万物的基本单位的亚核粒子，到生命有机体及人类社会，乃至整个宇宙。我们的直觉一点都不可靠。由于教育和偏见，或者仅仅由于我们感觉器官的局限性，因为我们的认知会出现偏差，因为我们的感觉器官只能直接感知世界上的一小部分现象。
    甚至像“在没有摩擦力的情况下，一磅铅是否要比一点绒毛下落得快”这样简单的问题，在伽利略之前的亚里士多德和几乎所有人都回答错了。科学基于实验，基于勇于挑战旧有教条的信念，基于对探索宇宙真理的渴求。因此，科学有时需要勇气，至少需要有敢于质疑传统的勇气。
解析 1．第一段第一句中的much more than it is…结构，意为“(科学)更多的是……”，这里可以翻译为“与其说科学是……还不如说是……”。
2．第一段第二句较长，有三个并列的不定式短语作表语：to find out…to seek…to penetrate to…，破折号后是from…to…and thence to…介词短语结构，其中包含一个定语从句which may be theconstituents of all matter，修饰sub-nuclear particles，其中sub-nuclear意为“亚核”。
3．第一段第三句中的by no means意为“绝不，根本不”；infallible意为“绝对可靠的，万无一失的”。
4．第二段第一句中的straightforward意为“简单的，易懂的”；a grain of fluff中的grain在此处的意思是“少量，一点”。
5．第二段第二句中的dogma意为“教条”；to see the universe as it really is可以翻译为“探索宇宙真理”。
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