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[originaltext] For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universit
[originaltext] For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universit
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2023-08-18
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问题
For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial and professional work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are up to find many reasons for the excellence of American universities. But four historic Acts stand out as a turning point.
First, education for the mass. In 1862, Congress enacted the Land Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources. Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created the National Academy of Science to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy’s impact really grew after World War II when a landmark report commissioned by the then president argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories, scientific research became decentralized in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also gave graduate students research opportunities and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine and society as a whole.
Thirdly, investing in the future. The end of World War II saw the passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education for returning veterans, made the higher education system accessible in ways that were inconceivable in Europe, opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had never dreamed of going to college.
Finally, promoting diversity. The creation of federal loan and subsidy programs as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to high education and further helped to democratize access. Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth more than 180 billion dollars.
16. What has been the backbone of America’s progress?
17. Whose responsibility is to provide adequate funds for basic research?
18. Which law provided for a college or vocational education for returning veterans?
选项
A、The state government.
B、The federal government.
C、The local government.
D、The National Academy of Science.
答案
B
解析
录音中指出,第二次世界大战后,由时任总统委托的报告中指出基础研究的经费(funds for ba-sic research)由联邦政府提供。由此得出B项为正确答案。A项“州政府”和C项“地方政府”是利用联邦federal的词意设置干扰项,只要分清州(state)下面可以有很多地方政府(local),联邦政府(feder—al)凌驾于州政府之上,就能排除A项和C项;D项“美国科学院”是从事科学研究的机构。
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