[originaltext] Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should on

游客2023-08-04  29

问题  
Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys. But that’s not what we always do. Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm others, or who aren’t good team players. But sometimes the good guys also get punished or criticized. Specifically, because they are so good. This seems baffling, because it’s detrimental to group cooperation. However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields, and it has been found in every society.
    Why does this happen? Research suggests a simple reason. When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good, especially if they can’t or won’t compete. After all, we’re all judged in comparison with others. When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do? One option is to actively compete.
    A second option is to bring that person down. That is to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, infer selfish motives for their actions, or imply real or imagine hypocrisy. Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions or punishing them outright. Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard. Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds. So it’s important to recognize these attacks for what they are.
    12. What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?
    13. How are we all judged according to the passage?
    14. What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?
    15. What may discourage people from performing good deeds?

选项 A、Being dismissed as hypocritical.
B、Not getting the reward they deserve.
C、Having to make too many sacrifices.
D、Being misunderstood by people around.

答案 A

解析 文章后半部分谈到正常人在面对表现更好的人时的第二个选择,即用各种策略去击败那个人。其中一个策略就是攻击人们行善的动机,即这样的善行被那些不做这些善事的人认为是天真的或虚伪的。这种批评可能最终会使人们打消做好事的念头。故选项A正确,Being dismissed as hypocritical是对原文中are dismissed as naive or hypocritical的同义转述。其他三项文中并未提及,故均排除。
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