2. 职称英语
  3. Desertification (沙漠化) in the dry United States is very serious. Groundwater

Desertification (沙漠化) in the dry United States is very serious. Groundwater

游客2023-07-15  48
问题     Desertification (沙漠化) in the dry United States is very serious. Groundwater supplies beneath vast stretches of land are dropping rapidly. Many river systems have dried up. Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroded at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing (过度放牧). All told, about 225 million acres of land are under severe desertification.
    Federal subsidies (补贴) encourage the exploitation of dry land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers and industry to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity program encourage dry-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat, especially, cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage overgrazing of the commons. The market, too, provides powerful incentives (激励) to exploit dry land resources beyond their carrying capacity.
    The incentives to exploit dry land resources are greater than ever. The government is now offering huge new subsidies to produce synthetic fuel from coal oil as well as alcohol fuel from crops. Moreover, commodity prices are on the rise; and they will provide farmers and agricultural businesses with powerful incentives to overexploit arid land resources. The existing federal government cost-share programs designed to help finance the conservation as soil, water, and vegetation are pale in comparison to such incentives.
    In the final analysis, when viewed in the national perspective, the effects on agriculture are the most troublesome aspect of desertification in the US. For it comes at a time when we are losing over a million acres of rain-watered crop and grass land per year to higher uses—shopping centers, industrial parks, housing development, and waste dump—regardless of the economic need of the US to export agricultural products or of the world’s need for US food and fiber. Today the dry West accounts for 20 percent of the nation’s total agricultural output. If the US is, as it appears, well in its way toward overdrawing the dry land resources, then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay for later when productive benefits from arid land resources have been both realized and largely terminated. [br] The higher uses of rain-watered crop and pasture land are criticized by the author because______.
选项 A、both the world and America need the land for agricultural aims
B、they bring about a large amount of waste of resources
C、Americans do not need that many shopping centers and apartments
D、industrial parks and waste dumps are seriously polluting the environment
答案 A
解析 细节推断题。原文在提到higher uses之后解释了原因，说“对这些土地的‘充分利用’全然不顾美国出口农产品的经济需要和世界对美国食品和织物的需求”，由此反过来可推知，世界和美国都需要那些土地用作农业生产。故A)为正确答案。
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