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  3. Text 3 University used to be for a privi

Text 3 University used to be for a privi

admin2022-08-02  55
问题 Text 3 University used to be for a privileged few.In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage.Although that is excellent news,rew countries have worked out how to pay for it.In some of continental Europe,where the state often foots the bill,the result has usually been under investment.In America,where students themselves pay,many have little choice but to take on huge debts.English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance,with a mix of student fees and generous state loans.But,nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs,the system has dwindling support at home.Jeremy Corbyn,Labour's leader,speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers.He has called for an end to the"debt burden"on students,and has claimed that"fewer working-class young people are applying to university,"Labour's showing at the recent election suggests many young voters agree.Mr Corbyn's argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance.Twenty years ago English students could go to university free,with the state covering the cost.The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the numbers of students universities were allowed to take.Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education,from around 30%of 18-year-olds to more than 40%-and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.That is because loans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms.Graduates only pay back based on their income above￡21,000 a year,meaning that their debts never become unmanageable.Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years.Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations（rich oldsters attended university free,after all）,but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations-as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell,and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.The real problem with the English system is not fairness,but that fees have not driven up standards.Almost all universities charge the maximum,whatever the course-not because they are a"cartel",but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price,second-rate degree.Nevertheless,surveys indicate that students have seen little improvement in teaching.One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information.The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices.It could also encourage students to hold universities to account,with devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect,and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied.If students think they are not getting value for money,support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle.And that could lead to the most regressive step of all:scrapping tuition fees.A tuition-free system would lead to_____A.an expansion of higher educationB.a removal of generational inequalityC.a wider gap between rich and poorD.an anti-tax sentiment in the public
选项 A.an expansion of higher education
B.a removal of generational inequality
C.a wider gap between rich and poor
D.an anti-tax sentiment in the public
答案 C
解析 [信息锁定]第三段②③句指出免学费体制的后果“导致大学资金不足、招生人数受到严格限制”，①句进一步以学费体制的成效“高等教育扩张、贫困大学生比例增加”凸显免费体制的缺陷”限制贫困学生上大学”；第四段④句通过批驳学费体制批评者看法，指出免学费体制（句中But后“另外一种情况”所指）将会加剧代际不平等（由此排除与之棚悖的B.）——因为资金和招生限制，贫困学会被再次排挤在大学校门之外，而只有相对富裕的学生能享受国家资助。由此推出，免学费体制使贫富学生受教育机会不平等，会加剧贫富分化，C.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第三段④句所述英国现行收学费体制带来的成效曲解为免学费体制导致的结果；D.根据第四段末句所述免费体制的后果“只有相对富裕的学生能享受全民税收的资助”过度推断出“免费体制会引发公众反税情绪”。
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