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  3. Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what cond

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what cond

最全题库2022-08-02  38
问题 Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.The wide variation in health-care prices is mainly caused by_____A.the vulnerable populationsB.the greedy hospitalsC.differences in treatment preferencesD.the disorganized provider networks
选项 A.the vulnerable populations
B.the greedy hospitals
C.differences in treatment preferences
D.the disorganized provider networks
答案 D
解析 [信息锁定]第三段首先指出．这（This．指上一段提到的医院对私人保险患者收费高于联邦医疗保险患者，即医疗保健费用存在巨大差异）不是健全的医疗系统的遗产．而是极其复杂混乱的医疗保健系统的结果；继而指出这种混乱的系统并非贪婪的医院导致，而是混乱的医疗服务供应商网络的结果。由此可知，医疗保健费用的巨大差异根源于混乱的医疗服务供应商．D.正确。[解题技巧]A.、B.均源自第三段②句．其中A.由文意“这种医疗费用差异并非因贪婪医院从弱势群体身上榨取高额利润而致”曲解出“弱势群体（由于无力承担高昂费用而选择低廉费用）造成这种医疗费用的差异”，B.直接反向干扰；C.利用第二段末句!ypical emergency procedures（典型急诊手术）及常识“因治疗方式不同而医疗费用不同”没置干扰，而文中并未谈及治疗偏好问题。
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