Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what cond

最全题库2022-08-02 36

问题 Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.The author's attitude toward reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress is one of_____A.pityB.disapprovalC.understandingD.expectation

选项 A.pity
B.disapproval
C.understanding
D.expectation

答案 B

解析 [信息锁定]第六段首句指出：国会共和党人领头的改革让医疗保健行业忧心忡忡，足以威胁到各州领头的改革方案：而末句则对各州改革方案予以点评：激动人心、极具创新的改革。由此可知，作者对各州的改革持支持态度，而对于可能威胁到各州改革的国会共和党改革持不认同态度．B.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第六段末句作者对各州改革存在困难的遗憾之情（That's a shame）曲解为对国会共和党改革的态度。C.与作者在第六段首句表达的对共和党改革的不赞同态度（Unfortunatcly．，．）相悖。D.将第六段末句“这是令人激动的、极具创新的改革发生之处”中蕴含的对各州改革的期待之情曲解为对共和党改革的感情。

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Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what cond

英语二研究生

研究生入学