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  3. Governments are keen on higher eclucatio

Governments are keen on higher eclucatio

最全题库2022-08-02  43
问题 Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.Universities should prove their value to the public.B.Dropout raies will fall as higher education expands.C.It's unwise to draw the weakest students into higher education.D.It's time for universities to lower the graduation requirements.
选项 A.Universities should prove their value to the public.
B.Dropout raies will fall as higher education expands.
C.It's unwise to draw the weakest students into higher education.
D.It's time for universities to lower the graduation requirements.
答案 C
解析 第四段③句指出“高等教育的扩张吸纳的是那些最弱的学生，也是最有可能辍学的学生”，④⑤句进一步指出“这些学生付出巨大，却几乎看不到未来收入的增长；如果考虑到其中的辍学者，则让这部分学生上大学所能获得的收益几乎为零”。可见C.是对这些信息的概括推理。[解题技巧]A.利用④⑤句干扰，但该内容意在强调“对最弱的学生来说，上大学的价值并不大”，并非在说明“大学本身的价值受到质疑”，更未提到“大学需要证明其价值”。B.与③句相悖：由“被高等教育扩张所拉入的是那些最弱的学生，而这部分学生最有可能辍学”可推知“高等教育的扩张更有可能造成辍学率的增加”。D.对②句过度推导，“三分之一的大学入学者无法毕业”并不能说明“大学应降低对毕业的要求”，且由下文可知，其根源是“高等教育的扩张”．而非“毕业要求过高”。
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