首页
登录
学历类
For some time past, it has been widely a
For some time past, it has been widely a
题库
2022-08-02
49
问题
For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.( )A. have the lights turned onB. be rewarded with milkC. please their parentsD. be praised
选项
A. have the lights turned on
B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents
D. be praised
答案
A
解析
文章第三段第六行解释了孩子进行动作的原因是为了激活电灯的开关。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/xueli/2673242.html
本试题收录于:
英语专升本题库专升本成考分类
英语专升本
专升本成考
相关试题推荐
Forsometimepast,ithasbeenwidelya
Forsometimepast,ithasbeenwidelya
Forsometimepast,ithasbeenwidelya
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
ItiswidelyacceptedthatEnglishisth
随机试题
Astemptingasitcanbetoletitallhanglooseandstopworryingwhileon
中腹壁反射,反射中枢在A.胸髓11~12节 B.胸髓9~10节 C.颈髓7~
按照国家有关规定,作为年度固定资产投资计划、计划投资总额及构成数额的编制和确定依
所谓押韵,就是把同韵的两个或更多的字放在同一位置上,一般把韵放在句尾,所以又叫
患者女,40岁。近日出现食欲减退乏力,全身不适,尿液颜色逐渐变深。查体:上腹有触
断路器失灵保护,是近后备保护中防止断路器拒动的一项有效措施,只有当远后备保护不能
某初中为提高生源质量,自行组织入学考试,实行跨学区招生。该学校的做法A.合理,学
产权界定是指国家依法划分财产所有权和经营权等产权归属,明确各类产权形式的财产范围
(2014年真题)对于采用创新战略的企业而言,薪酬管理最突出的特点是()。
总体率95%可信区间的意义是()。A.总体率在此范围内的可能性为95% B
最新回复
(
0
)