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  3. If life expectancy were a marathon, the United States is fading from the pac

If life expectancy were a marathon, the United States is fading from the pac

游客2023-09-10  53
问题     If life expectancy were a marathon, the United States is fading from the pack. Although everyone is living longer, the inhabitants of other industrialized nations have made more dramatic strides in life expectancy than Americans have, which consequently leads to the result that Americans, who are once on par with Italy and New Zealand in the middle of the pack now rank below Spain and Greece near the end.
    On the face of it, this shouldn’t be happening.
    Healthier nations are usually wealthier nations. The United States ranks only after Luxembourg and Norway of the 30 richest nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), but it now ranks 22nd in life expectancy.
    The problem could be anything but inadequate healthcare spending. The US spends $1 of every $7 of its gross domestic product on healthcare, more than any other OECD nation that typically devotes less than $1 in $10 of GDP to the sector. Per person, that works out to an extra $1,800 compared with the Swiss or $ 2,300 compared with the Canadians, even though both those groups live longer than Americans.
    So what’s at work? One factor could be diet. Physicians maintain that overweight, which has become a major problem for the Americans, often shrinks a person’s life span. On the positive side, US alcohol and tobacco consumption is more moderate than the OECD average. Another factor holding back longevity (长寿) falls into poverty. The quarter to a third of Americans with low incomes often have less money than the same low-income groups in several other rich countries. A third factor comes from inequality, which exacerbates (恶化) the problem. The most prosperous 10 percent of Americans receive 17 times as much income as those in the bottom 10 percent. In countries with high life expectancies among those at 65 — such as Japan, Sweden, and Norway — the top 10 percent makes only five times as much income.
    The US also struggles with inequality in healthcare. While most rich nations have universal coverage, 45 million in the US didn’t have health insurance last year, according to census statistics — a rise of 5.2 million since 2000. Millions more have insurance only part of the year. Many of those without health insurance tend to postpone medical care for chronic problems, though in emergencies they may seek for hospital facilities.
    Thus, a better predicator of life expectancy than GDP may be the average GDP for the bottom 40 percent of the population. Here the US falls in the middle of the pack of rich countries, rather than at the top. [br] By saying "The United States ranks only after Luxembourg and Norway of the 30 richest nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), but it now ranks 22nd in life expectancy" (Line 1, Para. 3), the author suggests that wealthier nations are ______.
选项
答案 not necessarily healthier nations
解析 本题空白处问“作身通过说‘The United States ranks only after Luxembourg and Norway of the 30 richest nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), but it now ranks 22nd in life expectancy’意指更富有的国家如何”。第三段开头提到拥有更加健康公民的国家常常是更加富裕的国家。但是这段话对此提出了异议。美国的富裕程度在30个属于OECD组织的发达国家中排名第三。但是现在它的公民平均寿命排名第22位，这些都证明段首的观点太过片面，即：富裕的国家不一定是更健康的国家。因此空白处应该填not necessarily healthier nations。
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