2. 职称英语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

游客2023-08-04  53
问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism (资本主义) ? Certainly not. Problems are not solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism (工业制度) in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. [br] What does the author think of a humanist industrialism?
选项 A、It can prevent employees from becoming economic puppets.
B、It can offer workers a completely successful career.
C、It has the ability to eliminate bureaucracy in any forms.
D、It is a great leap for the freedom of all human beings.
答案 A
解析 根据题干信息词humanist industrialism定位到最后一段最后两句。这两句指出：“……转变成一个以充分发挥人的潜能(如爱和理性的潜能)为社会管理目标的人道主义工业体制。生产和消费只能作为达到这一目的的手段，而且要防止它们控制人类。”由此可判断，人道主义工业体制能防止员工成为生产和消费的奴隶，而这正是第一段最后一句提到的economic puppets。A项符合文意，故为答案。
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